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Complement proteins are proteins that play a role in the non-specific immune responses alongside these non-specific immune cells to make up the first line of immune defense. [4] The non-specific immune response is an immediate antigen-independent response, however it is not antigen-specific. Non-specific immunity results in no immunologic memory.
Non-specific effects of vaccines (also called "heterologous effects" or "off-target effects") are effects which go beyond the specific protective effects against the targeted diseases. Non-specific effects from live vaccines can be strongly beneficial by increasing protection against non-targeted infections. [ 1 ]
When activated by a pathogen encounter, histamine-releasing basophils are important in the defense against parasites and play a role in allergic reactions, such as asthma. [2] Upon activation, eosinophils secrete a range of highly toxic proteins and free radicals that are highly effective in killing parasites, but may also damage tissue during ...
A representation of the cholera epidemic of the 19th century. For thousands of years mankind has been intrigued with the causes of disease and the concept of immunity. The prehistoric view was that disease was caused by supernatural forces, and that illness was a form of theurgic punishment for "bad deeds" or "evil thoughts" visited upon the soul by the gods or by one's enemies. [8]
Immunization not only protects children against deadly diseases but also helps in developing children's immune systems. [2] Through the use of immunizations, some infections and diseases have almost completely been eradicated throughout the World. One example is polio. Thanks to dedicated health care professionals and the parents of children ...
The USPSTF has evaluated many interventions for prevention and found several have an expected net benefit in the general population. [10] Aspirin in men 45 to 79 and women 55 to 79 for cardiovascular disease; Colon cancer screening by colonoscopy, occult blood testing, or sigmoidoscopy in adults 45 to 75. [11]
This depends on definitions of what constitutes a disease, though, in general, primary prevention addresses the root cause of a disease or injury [18] whereas secondary prevention aims to detect and treat a disease early on. [40] Secondary prevention consists of "early diagnosis and prompt treatment" to contain the disease and prevent its ...
Treatment as prevention rose to great prominence in 2011, as part of the HPTN 052 study, which shed light on the benefits of early treatment for HIV positive individuals. Evidence through observational, ecological and clinical trials reveal positive results in regards to the implementation of antiretroviral drugs as preventative measures ...