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A bipolar nebula is a type of nebula characterized by two lobes either side of a central star. About 10-20% of planetary nebulae are bipolar. [2] Formation
The Boomerang Nebula is an excellent example of a bipolar outflow. Image credit: NASA, STScI. A bipolar outflow comprises two continuous flows of gas from the poles of a star. Bipolar outflows may be associated with protostars (young, forming stars), or with evolved post-AGB stars (often in the form of bipolar nebulae).
Herbig and Haro were working independently on studies of star formation when they first analysed the objects, and recognised that they were a by-product of the star formation process. Although HH objects are visible- wavelength phenomena, many remain invisible at these wavelengths due to dust and gas, and can only be detected at infrared ...
Westerhout 51 nebula in Aquila - one of the largest star factories in the Milky Way (August 25, 2020). Star formation is the process by which dense regions within molecular clouds in interstellar space—sometimes referred to as "stellar nurseries" or "star-forming regions"—collapse and form stars. [1]
KjPn 8 is a bipolar planetary nebula which was discovered by M.A. Kazaryan and Eh. S. Parsamyan in 1971 [5] and independently by Luboš Kohoutek in 1972. [6]Very little was published about this nebula until 1995, when it was realized that KjPn 8 sits in the center of a very large filamentary nebula, 14 by 4 arc minutes in size.
Mz 3 (Menzel 3) is a young bipolar planetary nebula (PN) in the constellation Norma that is composed of a bright core and four distinct high-velocity outflows that have been named lobes, columns, rays, and chakram.
Dust from the molecular cloud in which W40 formed obscures the nebula, rendering W40 difficult to observe at visible wavelengths of light. [2] [8] Thus, X-ray, infrared, and radio observations have been used to see through the molecular cloud to study the star-formation processes going on within. [2] [9] [10]
The material ejected from the common envelope forms a planetary nebula. One in five planetary nebulae are ejected from common envelopes, but this might be an underestimate. A planetary nebula formed by a common envelope system usually shows a bipolar structure. [4] The suspected PCEB HD 101584 is surrounded by a complex nebula. During the ...