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Rhizoids are protuberances that extend from the lower epidermal cells of bryophytes and algae. They are similar in structure and function to the root hairs of vascular land plants . Similar structures are formed by some fungi .
In biology, stolons (from Latin stol ... Root-like structures called rhizoids may appear on the stolon as well, anchoring the hyphae to the substrate.
Sporangiophores arise among distinctive, root-like rhizoids. In sexual reproduction, a dark zygospore is produced at the point where two compatible mycelia fuse. Upon germination, a zygospore produces colonies that are genetically different from either parent. Rhizopus oligosporus is used to make tempeh, a fermented food derived from soybeans.
An antique spurge plant, Euphorbia antiquorum, sending out white rhizomes In botany and dendrology, a rhizome (/ ˈ r aɪ z oʊ m / RY-zohm) [note 1] is a modified subterranean plant stem that sends out roots and shoots from its nodes.
Rhizopus species periodically produce rhizoids, which anchor it to the substrate and unbranched aerial sporangiophores. [8] Sporangiophores of R. stolonifer can be up to 2.5 mm long and about 20 μm in diameter. [6] The spores are shaped differently depending on the available nutrients. They can be ovate, polygonal or angular. [6]
The first known species of rhizobia, Rhizobium leguminosarum, was identified in 1889, and all further species were initially placed in the Rhizobium genus.Most research has been done on crop and forage legumes such as clover, alfalfa, beans, peas, and soybeans; more research is being done on North American legumes.
Rhizoids are nearly lacking in aquatic forms, but there are usually numerous unicellular rhizoids of two types on the ventral surface. [2] One type is called smooth and the other type is the pegged or tuberculated rhizoids; these help in anchorage and absorption.
It is a short-lived and inconspicuous heart-shaped structure typically 2–5 millimeters wide, with a number of rhizoids (root-like hairs) growing underneath, and the sex organs: archegonium (female) and antheridium (male). Appearance varies quite a lot between species.