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The Purple Earth Hypothesis (PEH) is an astrobiological hypothesis, first proposed by molecular biologist Shiladitya DasSarma in 2007, [1] that the earliest photosynthetic life forms of Early Earth were based on the simpler molecule retinal rather than the more complex porphyrin-based chlorophyll, making the surface biosphere appear purplish ...
Biosphere 2 captivated the world's attention and imagination; Discover magazine asserted that Biosphere 2 was "the most exciting scientific project to be undertaken in the U.S. since President John F. Kennedy launched us toward the moon," [20] and talk-show host Phil Donahue, in a live on-site broadcast, called Biosphere 2 "one of the most ...
Synergia Ranch is an ecovillage founded in 1969 by John P. Allen, the inventor of Biosphere 2 and Marie Harding, its present manager. It is located in Santa Fe County, New Mexico, 15 miles south of the city of Santa Fe. [1] Synergia Ranch operates as a private retreat and workshop center for small groups.
Biosphere 2, with upgraded solar panels in foreground, sits on a sprawling 40-acre (16-hectare) science campus that is open to the public. The Biosphere 2 project was launched in 1984 by businessman and billionaire philanthropist Ed Bass and systems ecologist John P. Allen, with Bass providing US$150 million in funding until 1991. [7]
Life forms live in every part of the Earth's biosphere, including soil, hot springs, inside rocks at least 19 km (12 mi) deep underground, and at least 64 km (40 mi) high in the atmosphere. [ 27 ] [ 28 ] [ 29 ] Marine life under many forms has been found in the deepest reaches of the world ocean while much of the deep sea remains to be explored.
At long irregular intervals, Earth's biosphere suffers a catastrophic die-off, a mass extinction, [9] often comprising an accumulation of smaller extinction events over a relatively brief period. [10] The first known mass extinction was the Great Oxidation Event 2.4 billion years ago, which killed most of the planet's obligate anaerobes.
[4]: v The diameter of the lodges ranged from roughly 18 to 45 feet (5.5 to 13.7 meters). [4]: 18 The entrance of all excavated houses pointed to the southeast, except for "House 16" with its opening to the southwest. [4]: 11 This spacious earth lodge faced the open center area in the village and could have been a ceremonial lodge.
[3] [4] In 1986, Nelson and John Allen had co-authored Space Biospheres, which outlined the plans for the biosphere and its scientific rationale. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] Nelson was one of the original eight crew members who remained in the closed environment of the Biosphere from 1991 until 1993 and was responsible for the animal fodder systems, managing ...