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  2. Nephrotic syndrome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephrotic_syndrome

    It differs from nephritic syndrome in that there are no red blood cells in the urine. [2] Treatment is directed at the underlying cause. Other efforts include managing high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, and infection risk. A low-salt diet and limiting fluids are often recommended. [1] About 5 per 100,000 people are affected per year.

  3. Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lecithin_cholesterol_acyl...

    However, numerous lab tests may help with making a diagnosis such as complete blood count (CBC), urinalysis, blood chemistries, lipid panels, and plasma LCAT activity. [ 8 ] Fish-eye disease is characterized by abnormalities like visual impairment, plaques of fatty material, and dense opacification.

  4. Urinalysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinalysis

    It is not possible for the kidneys to produce urine with a specific gravity greater than 1.040 [40] but such readings can occur in urine that contains high-molecular weight substances, such as contrast dyes used in radiographic imaging. [38] Specific gravity is commonly measured with urine test strips, but refractometers may also be used. [41]

  5. Kidney - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidney

    In nephrotic syndrome, the glomerulus has been damaged so that a large amount of protein in the blood enters the urine. Other frequent features of the nephrotic syndrome include swelling, low serum albumin, and high cholesterol. Pyelonephritis is infection of the kidneys and is frequently caused by complication of a urinary tract infection.

  6. Urine test strip - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urine_test_strip

    The normal number of red blood cells in urine should not usually exceed 3 per high power field. [13] A urine test strip showing positive for blood can also indicate hemoglobinuria, which is not detectable using a microscope due to the lysis of red blood cells in the urinary tract (particularly in alkaline or dilute urine), or intravascular ...

  7. Liver function tests - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liver_function_tests

    Liver function tests (LFTs or LFs), also referred to as a hepatic panel or liver panel, are groups of blood tests that provide information about the state of a patient's liver. [1] These tests include prothrombin time (PT/INR), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), albumin , bilirubin (direct and indirect), and others.

  8. Assessment of kidney function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assessment_of_kidney_function

    This is accomplished by urinalysis, measurement of urine protein excretion, kidney imaging, and, if necessary, kidney biopsy. [1] Much of renal physiology is studied at the level of the nephron – the smallest functional unit of the kidney. Each nephron begins with a filtration component that filters the blood entering the kidney.

  9. Minimal change disease - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimal_change_disease

    Minimal change disease (MCD), also known as lipoid nephrosis or nil disease, among others, is a disease affecting the kidneys which causes nephrotic syndrome. [1] Nephrotic syndrome leads to the loss of significant amounts of protein to the urine (proteinuria), which causes the widespread edema (soft tissue swelling) and impaired kidney function commonly experienced by those affected by the ...