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2. Light-emitting diode - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-emitting_diode

   Typical current ratings range from around 1 mA to above 20 mA. LED's can be soldered to a flexible PCB strip to form LED tape popularly used for decoration. Common package shapes include round, with a domed or flat top, rectangular with a flat top (as used in bar-graph displays), and triangular or square with a flat top.

3. Light-emitting diode physics - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-emitting_diode_physics

   An LED begins to emit light when more than 2 or 3 volts is applied in the forward direction. The reverse bias region uses a different vertical scale from the forward bias region to show that the leakage current is nearly constant with voltage until breakdown occurs. In forward bias, the current starts small but increases exponentially with voltage.

4. List of IEC standards - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_IEC_standards

   IEC 60059 IEC standard current ratings; IEC 60060 High-voltage test techniques; IEC 60061 Lamp caps and holders together with gauges for the control of interchangeability and safety; IEC 60062 Marking codes for resistors and capacitors; IEC 60063 Preferred number series for resistors and capacitors

5. LED circuit - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LED_circuit

   is the desired current of the LED in amps. The maximum continuous-on current is shown on LED datasheets, for example 20 mA (0.020 A) is common for most small LEDs. Many circuits operate LEDs at less than the specified maximum current to save power, or to reduce brightness, or to use a common resistor value. For indoor use, tiny surface mount ...

6. Photodiode - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photodiode

   The total current through the photodiode is the sum of the dark current (current that is passed in the absence of light) and the photocurrent, so the dark current must be minimized to maximize the sensitivity of the device. [2] To first order, for a given spectral distribution, the photocurrent is linearly proportional to the irradiance. [3]

7. LED lamp - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LED_lamp

   A 230-volt LED filament lamp, with an E27 base. The filaments are visible as the eight yellow vertical lines. An assortment of LED lamps commercially available in 2010: floodlight fixtures (left), reading light (center), household lamps (center right and bottom), and low-power accent light (right) applications An 80W Chips on board (COB) LED module from an industrial light luminaire, thermally ...