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The basic constructions. All straightedge-and-compass constructions consist of repeated application of five basic constructions using the points, lines and circles that have already been constructed. These are: Creating the line through two points; Creating the circle that contains one point and has a center at another point
This is a fundamental result in absolute geometry because its proof does not depend upon the parallel postulate. In several high school treatments of geometry, the term "exterior angle theorem" has been applied to a different result, [ 1 ] namely the portion of Proposition 1.32 which states that the measure of an exterior angle of a triangle is ...
In order to reduce a geometric problem to a problem of pure number theory, the proof uses the fact that a regular n-gon is constructible if and only if the cosine (/) is a constructible number—that is, can be written in terms of the four basic arithmetic operations and the extraction of square roots.
In Euclidean geometry, Ceva's theorem is a theorem about triangles. Given a triangle ABC , let the lines AO, BO, CO be drawn from the vertices to a common point O (not on one of the sides of ABC ), to meet opposite sides at D, E, F respectively.
Fulton–Hansen connectedness theorem (algebraic geometry) Fundamental theorem of algebra (complex analysis) Fundamental theorem of arbitrage-free pricing (financial mathematics) Fundamental theorem of arithmetic (number theory) Fundamental theorem of calculus ; Fundamental theorem on homomorphisms (abstract algebra)
Other common auxiliary constructs in elementary plane synthetic geometry are the helping circles. As an example, a proof of the theorem on the sum of angles of a triangle can be done by adding a straight line parallel to one of the triangle sides (passing through the opposite vertex).
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