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Inferring a person's possible or probable (usually negative) thoughts from their behaviour and nonverbal communication; taking precautions against the worst suspected case without asking the person. Example 1: A student assumes that the readers of their paper have already made up their minds concerning its topic, and, therefore, writing the ...
Splitting, also called binary thinking, dichotomous thinking, black-and-white thinking, all-or-nothing thinking, or thinking in extremes, is the failure in a person's thinking to bring together the dichotomy of both perceived positive and negative qualities of something into a cohesive, realistic whole.
Beck suggests that people with negative self-schemata are liable to interpret information presented to them in a negative manner, leading to the cognitive distortions outlined above. The pessimistic explanatory style , which describes the way in which depressed or neurotic people react negatively to certain events, is an example of the effect ...
The following is a list of terms used in relation to age with negative connotations. Many age-negative terms intersect with ableism, or are derogatory toward people with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and dementia. Age-negative terms are used about young people as well as older people.
The tendency for some people, especially those with depression, to overestimate the likelihood of negative things happening to them. (compare optimism bias) Present bias: The tendency of people to give stronger weight to payoffs that are closer to the present time when considering trade-offs between two future moments. [111] Plant blindness
The negativity bias, [1] also known as the negativity effect, is a cognitive bias that, even when positive or neutral things of equal intensity occur, things of a more negative nature (e.g. unpleasant thoughts, emotions, or social interactions; harmful/traumatic events) have a greater effect on one's psychological state and processes than neutral or positive things.
When an individual tries to suppress thoughts under a high cognitive load, the frequency of those thoughts increases and becomes more accessible than before. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] Evidence shows that people can prevent their thoughts from being translated into behavior when self-monitoring is high; this does not apply to automatic behaviors though, and ...
The person may also try to stop them and replace them with more positive thoughts. [81] [8] [69] For example, when the person becomes aware of a negative thinking process, they may try to inhibit it and direct their attention to more positive outcomes. [69] A similar approach is used in cognitive behavioral therapy. A central idea in this field ...