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In organic chemistry, the Schmidt reaction is an organic reaction in which an azide reacts with a carbonyl derivative, usually an aldehyde, ketone, or carboxylic acid, under acidic conditions to give an amine or amide, with expulsion of nitrogen.
The intermediate collapses and expels the leaving group (X) to give the substitution product 3. While nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions can be base-catalyzed, the reaction will not occur if the leaving group is a stronger base than the nucleophile (i.e. the leaving group must have a higher pK a than the nucleophile). Unlike acid ...
Since, aldehydes reduce more easily than ketones, they require milder reagents and milder conditions. At the other extreme, carboxylic acids, amides, and esters are poorly electrophilic and require strong reducing agents. [17] The idealized equation for the reduction of a ketone by sodium borohydride is: 4 RCOR' + NaBH 4 → NaB(OCHRR') 4
Aldehyde structure. In organic chemistry, an aldehyde (/ ˈ æ l d ɪ h aɪ d /) is an organic compound containing a functional group with the structure R−CH=O. [1] The functional group itself (without the "R" side chain) can be referred to as an aldehyde but can also be classified as a formyl group.
Otherwise, the most acidic carbonyls are typically also the most active electrophiles: first aldehydes, then ketones, then esters, and finally amides. Thus cross-aldehyde reactions are typically most challenging because they can polymerize easily or react unselectively to give a statistical mixture of products. [16]
Because primary and secondary amines react with aldehydes and ketones, the most common variety of these aminocarbonyl compounds feature tertiary amines. Such compounds are produced by amination of α-haloketones and α-haloaldehydes. [1] Examples include cathinones, methadone, molindone, pimeclone, ferruginine, and tropinone.
The Leuckart reaction is the chemical reaction that converts aldehydes or ketones to amines. The reaction is an example of reductive amination. [1] The reaction, named after Rudolf Leuckart, uses either ammonium formate or formamide as the nitrogen donor and reducing agent. It requires high temperatures, usually between 120 and 130 °C; for the ...
Substrates are broadly limited to methyl ketones and secondary alcohols oxidizable to methyl ketones, such as isopropanol.The only primary alcohol and aldehyde to undergo this reaction are ethanol and acetaldehyde, respectively. 1,3-Diketones such as acetylacetone also undergo this reaction. β-ketoacids such as acetoacetic acid will also give the test upon heating.