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Similarly to bone, antler may be used in its natural form, polished with abrasives for a glossy surface, and treated with a burning process for a charred finish and color. Antler has been used for numerous objects throughout history including tools such as hammer batons, knife handles, pressure flakers, and conical arrow points.
Oil of hartshorn is a crude chemical product obtained from the destructive distillation of deer antlers. Salt of hartshorn refers to ammonium carbonate, an early form of smelling salts and baking powder obtained by dry distillation of oil of hartshorn. Spirit of hartshorn (or spirits of hartshorn) is an archaic name for aqueous ammonia ...
Bone, ivory, and antler are rarely attacked by insects, but horn is often seriously damaged by the larvae of carpet beetles and clothes moths. [7] Light, ultraviolet, and infrared. Ivory, bone, and antler should be kept away from bright light such as spotlights or direct sunlight. Bright light can increase the surface temperature of the object.
Wood stain is a type of paint used to colour wood comprising colourants dissolved and/or suspended in a vehicle or solvent. Pigments and/or dyes are largely used as colourants in most stains. The initial application of any paint or varnish is absorbed into the substrate similarly to stains, but the binder from a stain resides mainly below the ...
The material that is trapped coats the underlying material, and the stain reflects backlight according to its own color. Applied paint, spilled food, and wood stains are of this nature. [5] A secondary method of stain involves a chemical or molecular reaction between the material and the staining material. Many types of natural stains fall into ...
An antler on a red deer stag. Velvet covers a growing antler, providing blood flow that supplies oxygen and nutrients. Each antler grows from an attachment point on the skull called a pedicle. While an antler is growing, it is covered with highly vascular skin called velvet, which supplies oxygen and nutrients to the growing bone. [6]
Chemical staining of wood is rarely carried out because it is easier to colour wood using dye or pigmented stain, however, ammonia fuming is a chemical staining method that is still occasionally used to darken woods such as oak that contain a lot of tannins. Staining of wood is difficult to control because some parts of the wood absorb more ...
Wood science [1] is the scientific field which predominantly studies and investigates elements associated with the formation, the physical and chemical composition, and the macro- and microstructure of wood as a bio-based and lignocellulosic material.