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Atom economy. Atom economy (atom efficiency/percentage) is the conversion efficiency of a chemical process in terms of all atoms involved and the desired products produced. The simplest definition was introduced by Barry Trost in 1991 and is equal to the ratio between the mass of desired product to the total mass of reactants, expressed as a percentage.
Techno-economic assessment or techno-economic analysis (abbreviated TEA) is a method of analyzing the economic performance of an industrial process, product, or service. The methodology originates from earlier work on combining technical, economic and risk assessments for chemical production processes. [ 1 ]
Target costing is defined as "a disciplined process for determining and achieving a full-stream cost at which a proposed product with specified functionality, performance, and quality must be produced in order to generate the desired profitability at the product’s anticipated selling price over a specified period of time in the future."
Some people argue that PCM is a synonym for target costing. [1] [2] [3] However, others argue that PCM is different, because target costing is a pricing method, whereas, PCM is focused on the maximum profit or minimum cost of a product, regardless of the price at which the product is sold to the end customer. [4]
Rate of return pricing or target-return pricing is a method by which a company will set the price of its product based on their desired returns on said product. [1] The concept of rate return pricing is very similar to return on investment, but in this circumstance the company can manipulate its prices to achieve the desired goal.
Target price may mean: A stock valuation at which a trader is willing to buy or sell a stock Target pricing – the price at which a seller projects that a buyer will buy a product
Much of chemistry research is focused on the synthesis and characterization of beneficial products, as well as the detection and removal of undesirable products. Synthetic chemists can be subdivided into research chemists who design new chemicals and pioneer new methods for synthesizing chemicals, as well as process chemists who scale up chemical production and make it safer, more ...
There have been several studies of the scale and complexity of this market for example in the USA. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Commodity chemicals are a sub-sector of the chemical industry (other sub sectors are fine chemicals , specialty chemicals , inorganic chemicals , petrochemicals , pharmaceuticals , renewable energy (e.g. biofuels ) and materials (e.g ...