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A modified Arabic script is also used in Iran and Afghanistan, based on the alphabet used for Kazakh before 1929. The Kazakh Arabic alphabet contains 29 letters and one digit, the 'upper hamza' used at the beginnings of words to create front vowels throughout the word. The direction the alphabet is written in is right to left.
English: Table of the Latin alphabet for the Kazakh language, according to the decree #637 of the President of Kazakhstan of 19 February 2018. العربية : جدول الأبجدية الكازاخية بالأحرف اللاتينية، وذلك بعد القرار الرئاسي رقم ٦٣٧ في جمهورية كازاخستان ...
Speakers of Kazakh (mainly Kazakhs) are spread over a vast territory from the Tian Shan to the western shore of the Caspian Sea.Kazakh is the official state language of Kazakhstan, with nearly 10 million speakers (based on information from the CIA World Factbook [6] on population and proportion of Kazakh speakers).
In the finally approved version of the alphabet, the letter S̷ s̷ was cancelled and the letter Ә ә was introduced (however, in the first Dungan primer, capital letters were not used). [7] The alphabet also used 4 digraphs: Dƶ dƶ, Ts ts, Tş tş, Uv uv. In March 1932, at a meeting on the Dungan alphabet, it was decided to reform it.
The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Kazakh language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.
Language proficiency by age group. Kazakhstan is officially a bilingual country. Kazakh (part of the Kipchak sub-branch of the Turkic languages) is proficiently spoken by 80.1% of the population according to 2021 census, and has the status of "state language". Russian, on the other hand, is spoken by 83.7% as of 2021. [1]
Apart from ⠽ і, which once existed in Russian Braille and ⠬ ұ, which is the same as the ў of Belarusian Braille (a letter which was used in earlier Kazakh alphabets with the same value), the braille values assigned to the extra Kazakh letters do not follow the assignments of other languages that use the Cyrillic script in print.
The following chart lists countries and dependencies along with their capital cities, in English and non-English official language(s). In bold: internationally recognized sovereign states. The 193 member states of the United Nations (UN) Vatican City (administered by the Holy See, a UN observer state), which is generally recognized as a ...