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'Independence Avenue') is a 1.4 kilometre (0.87 mi) pedestrian street in the historic Beyoğlu (Pera) district in Istanbul, Turkey. It is one of the most famous avenues in the city. It acquired its modern name after the declaration of the Republic on 29 October 1923, İstiklal (Independence) commemorating Turkey's triumph in its War of ...
Çiçek Pasajı (Turkish: Flower Passage), originally called the Cité de Péra, is a famous historic passage (galleria or arcade) on İstiklal Avenue in the Beyoğlu district of Istanbul, Turkey. A covered arcade with rows of historic cafes, winehouses and restaurants, it connects İstiklal Avenue with Sahne Street and has a side entrance ...
Beyoğlu continued to be named Pera during the Middle Ages and, in western languages, into the early 20th century. According to the prevailing theory, the Turkish name of Pera, Beyoğlu, meaning "Bey's Son" in Turkish, is a modification by folk etymology of the Venetian title of Bailo.
Along İstiklal Avenue is the Çiçek Pasajı ('Flower Passage'), a 19th-century shopping gallery which is today home to winehouses (known as meyhanes), pubs and restaurants. [268] İstiklal Avenue, originally known for its taverns, has shifted toward shopping, but the nearby Nevizade Street is still lined with winehouses and pubs.
İstiklal Caddesi (Independence Avenue), a long pedestrian shopping street, ends at this square, and a nostalgic tram runs from the square along the avenue, ending near the Tünel (1875) which is the world's second-oldest subway line after London's Underground (1863). In addition to serving as the main transfer point for the municipal bus ...
Tünel — the upper station on Tünel Square (Tünel Meydanı), located at the southern end of Istiklal Avenue The upper station stands 61.55 metres (201.9 ft) above the lower one. The gradient of the tunnel varies along its length from 2 percent to 15 percent.
According to Pliny the Elder Byzantium was first known as Lygos. [1] The origin and meaning of the name are unknown. Zsolt suggested it was etymologically identitical to the Greek name for the Ligures and derived from the Anatolian ethnonym Ligyes, [2] a tribe that was part of Xerxes' army [3] and appeared to have been neighbors to the Paphlagonians. [4]
Connection to the İstiklal Avenue heritage tram line, to Taksim Square, is available just outside the station. About two blocks away is the İstiklal Avenue entrance to the Şişhane metro station on the M2 line of the Istanbul Metro. Since Beyoğlu is located within a mostly pedestrian area, no immediate connection to city buses is available.