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Animal fats are lipids derived from animals which are used by the animal for a multitude of functions, or can be used by humans for dietary, sanitary, and cosmetic purposes. Depending on the temperature of the fat, it can change between a solid state and a liquid state. Chemically, both fats and oils are composed of triglycerides.
This in turn plays an important role in the structure and function of cell membranes. [25]: 193–5 Most naturally occurring fatty acids are of the cis configuration, although the trans form does exist in some natural and partially hydrogenated fats and oils. [26]
Monounsaturated fats are found in animal flesh such as red meat, whole milk products, nuts, and high fat fruits such as olives and avocados. Olive oil is about 75% monounsaturated fat. [119] The high oleic variety sunflower oil contains at least 70% monounsaturated fat. [120] Canola oil and cashews are both about 58% monounsaturated fat. [121]
Algal oil is about 92% monounsaturated fat. Olive oil is about 75% monounsaturated fat. [10] The high oleic variety sunflower oil contains at least 70% monounsaturated fat. [11] Canola oil and cashews are both about 58% monounsaturated fat. [citation needed] Tallow (beef fat) is about 50% monounsaturated fat. [12] and lard is about 40% ...
Diglycerides are a minor component of many seed oils and are normally present at ~1–6%; or in the case of cottonseed oil as much as 10%. [5] Industrial production is primarily achieved by a glycerolysis reaction between triglycerides and glycerol. The raw materials for this may be either vegetable oils or animal fats. [6]
General structures of mono-, di-, and tri-acylglycerides with names according to the stereospecific numbering Fatty acid. Vegetable oils and animal fats contain mostly triglycerides, but are broken down by natural enzymes into mono and diglycerides and free fatty acids and glycerol.
Polyunsaturated fatty acids are precursors to and are derived from polyunsaturated fats, which include drying oils. [3] Chemical structure of the polyunsaturated fatty acid linoleic acid 3D representation of linoleic acid in a bent conformation Chemical structure of α-linolenic acid (ALA), an essential omega−3 fatty acid
When circulating in the plasma (plasma fatty acids), not in their ester, fatty acids are known as non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) or free fatty acids (FFAs). FFAs are always bound to a transport protein, such as albumin. [15] FFAs also form from triglyceride food oils and fats by hydrolysis, contributing to the characteristic rancid odor. [16]