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Magnetism is the class of physical attributes that occur through a magnetic field, which allows objects to attract or repel each other.Because both electric currents and magnetic moments of elementary particles give rise to a magnetic field, magnetism is one of two aspects of electromagnetism.
A magnet's magnetic moment (also called magnetic dipole moment and usually denoted μ) is a vector that characterizes the magnet's overall magnetic properties. For a bar magnet, the direction of the magnetic moment points from the magnet's south pole to its north pole, [ 15 ] and the magnitude relates to how strong and how far apart these poles ...
In the magnetic pole model, the elementary magnetic dipole m is formed by two opposite magnetic poles of pole strength q m separated by a small distance vector d, such that m = q m d. The magnetic pole model predicts correctly the field H both inside and outside magnetic materials, in particular the fact that H is opposite to the magnetization ...
Both of these are modeled quite well as tiny loops of current called magnetic dipoles that produce their own magnetic field and are affected by external magnetic fields. The most elementary force between magnets is the magnetic dipole–dipole interaction. If all magnetic dipoles for each magnet are known then the net force on both magnets can ...
Magnetic materials have their aligned over a macroscopic length scale.Alignment of the spins is typically driven by exchange interaction between neighboring spins. . While at absolute zero (=) the alignment can always exist, thermal fluctuations misalign magnetic moments at temperatures above the Curie temperature (), causing a phase transition to a non-magnetic
The shape of the magnet was originally created as a replacement for the bar magnet as it makes the magnetic field stronger for a magnet of comparable strength. [5] A horseshoe magnet is stronger because both poles of the magnet are closer to each other and in the same plane which allows the magnetic lines of flux to flow along a more direct path between the poles and concentrates the magnetic ...
The term magnetic structure of a material pertains to the ordered arrangement of magnetic spins, typically within an ordered crystallographic lattice. Its study is a branch of solid-state physics . Magnetic structures
Where is the elementary magnetic moment and is the volume element; in other words, the M-field is the distribution of magnetic moments in the region or manifold concerned. This is better illustrated through the following relation: m = ∭ M d V {\displaystyle \mathbf {m} =\iiint \mathbf {M} \,\mathrm {d} V} where m is an ordinary magnetic ...