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A birds-mouth joint in a rafter, set upon a double top plate. Shown are the two cuts of the joint: the seat cut and the heel cut. In light frame construction, a birdsmouth joint or bird's beak cut is a woodworking joint that is generally used to connect a roof rafter to the top plate of a supporting wall. [1]
A knee wall is a short wall, typically under three feet (one metre) in height, used to support the rafters in timber roof construction. In his book A Visual Dictionary of Architecture, Francis D. K. Ching defines a knee wall as "a short wall supporting rafters at some intermediate position along their length."
A view of a roof using common purlin framing. The purlins are marked in red. This view is from the inside of the building, below the roof. The rafters are the beams of wood angled upward from the ground. They meet at the top of the gable at a ridge beam, which has extra bracing to attach it to the rafters.
The Gothic-arch design was featured on both the front and back cover of The Book of Barns - Honor-Bilt-Already Cut [a] catalog published by Sears Roebuck in 1918. It was the most popular roof design for barns sold by Sears. [7] In 1915, Sears sold a 42-by-60-foot (13 m × 18 m) Gothic-arch barn for $1,500.
A hammer-beam is a form of timber roof truss, allowing a hammerbeam roof to span greater than the length of any individual piece of timber.In place of a normal tie beam spanning the entire width of the roof, short beams – the hammer beams – are supported by curved braces from the wall, and hammer posts or arch-braces are built on top to support the rafters and typically a collar beam.
A simple rafter roof consists of rafters that the rafter foot rest on horizontal wall plates on top of each wall. [3] The top ends of the rafters often meet at a ridge beam, but may butt directly to another rafter to form a pair of rafters called a couple.
It is built with corner post construction on the ground floor, half-timbered style of timber framing on the upper floor and has a less common style of wood roof shingles than typical in America. American historic carpentry is the historic methods with which wooden buildings were built in what is now the United States since European settlement.
Roof laths span across between the rafters and support the wood shingles. A lath or slat is a thin, narrow strip of straight-grained wood used under roof shingles or tiles, on lath and plaster walls and ceilings to hold plaster, and in lattice and trellis work. [1] Lath has expanded to mean any type of backing material for plaster.