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Only 2–4% of the cases presenting as part of an inherited cancer syndrome, such as von Hippel–Lindau ... Clear-cell renal-cell carcinoma. Fuhrman grade = 1. HE ...
Papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC) is a malignant, heterogeneous tumor originating from renal tubular epithelial cells of the kidney, which comprises approximately 10-15% of all kidney neoplasms. [1] Based on its morphological features, PRCC can be classified into two main subtypes, which are type 1 and type 2 (eosinophilic). [2]
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 13 February 2025. Medical condition Kidney cancer Other names Renal cancer Micrograph showing the most common type of kidney cancer (clear cell renal cell carcinoma). H&E stain. Specialty Oncology nephrology Urology Symptoms Blood in the urine, lump in the abdomen, back pain Usual onset After the age of ...
The rising Sun illuminates the inner chamber of Newgrange, Ireland, only at the winter solstice.. Archaeoastronomy (also spelled archeoastronomy) is the interdisciplinary [1] or multidisciplinary [2] study of how people in the past "have understood the phenomena in the sky, how they used these phenomena and what role the sky played in their cultures". [3]
Nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma is rapidly being modified to allow partial removal of the kidney. Nephrectomy is also performed for the purpose of living donor kidney transplantation. [1] A nephroureterectomy is the removal of a kidney and the entire ureter and a small cuff of the bladder for urothelial cancer of the kidney or ureter. [9]
The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) describes the volume of fluid filtered from the renal (kidney) glomerular capillaries into the Bowman's capsule per unit time. [3] Creatinine clearance (C Cr) is the volume of blood plasma that is cleared of creatinine per unit time and is a useful measure for approximating the GFR.
The proximal tubule is the segment of the nephron in kidneys which begins from the renal pole of the Bowman's capsule to the beginning of loop of Henle.At this location, the glomerular parietal epithelial cells (PECs) lining bowman’s capsule abruptly transition to proximal tubule epithelial cells (PTECs).
The H + combines with HCO 3 − to form carbonic acid (H 2 CO 3) Luminal carbonic anhydrase enzymatically converts H 2 CO 3 into H 2 O and CO 2; CO 2 freely diffuses into the cell; In the epithelial cell Cytoplasmic carbonic anhydrase converts the CO 2 and H 2 O (which is abundant in the cell) into H 2 CO 3; H 2 CO 3 readily dissociates into H ...