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From the 5th century on, north Britain was divided into a series of petty kingdoms. Of these, the four most important were those of the Picts in the north-east, the Scots of Dál Riata in the west, the Britons of Strathclyde in the south-west and the Anglian kingdom of Bernicia (which united with Deira to form Northumbria in 653) in the south-east, stretching into modern northern England.
Following the death of Cromwell and the regime's collapse, Charles II was restored in 1660 and Scotland again became an independent kingdom. [126] Scotland regained its system of law, parliament and kirk, but also the Lords of the Articles (by which the crown managed parliament), bishops and a king who did not visit the country. He ruled ...
of Scotland c. 1045 –1093: Malcolm III Canmore c. 1031 –1093 r. 1058–1093: Ingibiorg Finnsdottir: Máel Muire Earl of Atholl: Donald III Bane c. 1039 –1099 r. 1093–1094, r. 1094–1097: Edith Matilda: Henry I King of England c. 1068 –1135: William II King of England c. 1056 –1100: Edmund of Scotland: Adela of Normandy m. Stephen ...
The Acts joined the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland to form a united Kingdom of Great Britain. [73] Scotland and England had shared a common monarch since the Union of the Crowns in 1603 when the Scottish king James VI succeeded to the English throne. Although described as a Union of Crowns, before the Acts of Union of 1707, the ...
Scotland [e] is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.It contains nearly one-third of the United Kingdom's land area, consisting of the northern part of the island of Great Britain and more than 790 adjacent islands, principally in the archipelagos of the Hebrides and the Northern Isles.
The Kingdom of Scotland (843–1707) — the historical independent and sovereign former kingdom in Scotland For the succeeding monarchy ruling Scotland, see Category: Kingdom of Great Britain . See also the categories Medieval Scotland and Early modern history of Scotland
The national literature of Scotland created in the late medieval period employed legend and history in the service of the crown and nationalism, helping to foster a sense of national identity, at least within its elite audience. The epic poetic history of the Brus and Wallace helped outline a narrative of united struggle against the English enemy.
The kingdom suffered a number of attacks from the Picts under Óengus, and later the Picts' Northumbrian allies between 744 and 756. They lost the region of Kyle in the southwest of modern Scotland to Northumbria, and the last attack may have forced the king Dumnagual III to submit to his neighbours. [17]