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Before Europeans landed in North America, about one-third of all natives in what is now the United States were living in the area that is now California. [2] California indigenous language diversity numbered 80 to 90 languages and dialects, some surviving to the present although endangered. [3] Native American shell fish hook from California.
California was one of the most culturally and linguistically diverse areas in pre-Columbian North America. After contact with Spanish explorers, many of the Native Americans died from foreign diseases. Finally, in the 19th century there was a genocide by United States government and private citizens, which is known as the California genocide. [1]
Posing as an unarmed merchant ship, Privet lured the U-boat to the surface after sustaining heavy damage in an unprovoked attack by the submarine. As Privet ' s crew feigned abandoning ship, they uncovered the ship’s hidden guns and opened fire on the submarine at close range. U-85 was sunk by gunfire, and Petz and his crew of 37 men were killed.
In the accident, English and other Navy officers were passengers on a four-engine Martin M-130 flying boat, being flown by a Pan American Airways civilian crew. The aircraft – dubbed the Philippine Clipper before the U.S Navy purchased it and pressed it into service during World War II – was destroyed in the accident; all 19 aboard were killed.
Fireman Richard John Harding [86] was killed during the first torpedo attack, and two other firemen were scalded. [81] To date, Californian ' s wreck remains undiscovered. [ 87 ] Californian sunk less than 200 miles (170 nmi; 320 km) from where HMHS Britannic , a sister ship to Titanic, would sink only a little over a year later by striking a ...
Before 1768: An enlargeable territorial map of California tribal groups and languages prior to European contact within the modern day borders. Before 1768 : An enlargeable map of the world showing the dividing lines for; Pope Alexander VI 's Inter caetera papal bull (1493), the Treaty of Tordesillas (1494), and the Treaty of Saragossa (1529).
USS Alligator (1862) – U. S. Navy submarine launched a year before Hunley; The American Turtle – built in 1775, the world's first submersible with a documented record of use in combat; French submarine Plongeur – launched a few months before Hunley; Peral Submarine – 1888 submarine from Spain, the first to be powered by electric batteries
The California genocide was a series of genocidal massacres of the indigenous peoples of California by United States soldiers and settlers during the 19th century. It began following the American conquest of California in the Mexican–American War and the subsequent influx of American settlers to the region as a result of the California gold rush.