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The secularization movement began in the 1770s. Following the expulsion of the Jesuits in 1768 from all of the Spanish Empire's colonies including the Philippines, the Spanish monarchy issued a royal decree in 1774 to fill vacant clergy posts in parishes with seculars. [4]
Islamic schools began to proliferate in Mindanao in the 1920s. The Philippine national government began integrating Islamic education into the mainstream education system in the 1970s. [10] In 1965, Miguel Cuenco proposed the passage of the Religious Instruction Bill which was largely backed by the Roman Catholic Church. It would allow teachers ...
The history of the Philippines from 1565 to 1898 is known as the Spanish colonial period, during which the Philippine Islands were ruled as the Captaincy General of the Philippines within the Spanish East Indies, initially under the Viceroyalty of New Spain, based in Mexico City, until the independence of the Mexican Empire from Spain in 1821.
[44]: 83–85 The Bureau of Non-Christian Tribes was created in 1920, [44]: 110 replacing direct rule by an American Governor, [45]: 174 and the Philippine government pursued a policy of gradually strengthening government in Mindanao, supported by immigration from Christian areas.
Travel to the Philippines from Spain became easier due to the Suez Canal. An increase of Peninsulares from the Iberian Peninsula threatened the secularization of the Philippine churches. In state affairs, the Criollos, known locally as Insulares (lit. "islanders") were displaced from government positions by the Peninsulares , whom the Insulares ...
In sociology, secularization (British English: secularisation) is a multilayered concept that generally denotes "a transition from a religious to a more worldly level." [ 1 ] There are many types of secularization and most do not lead to atheism, irreligion, nor are they automatically antithetical to religion. [ 2 ]
The Philippine Propaganda Movement encompassed the activities of a group based in Spain but coming from the Philippines, composed of Indios (indigenous peoples), Mestizos (mixed race), Insulares (Spaniards born in the Philippines, also known as "Filipinos" as that term had a different, less expansive meaning prior to the death of Jose Rizal in Bagumbayan) and Peninsulares (Spaniards born in ...
Commenting on the very small standing army that protected the Spanish government in the Philippines, an old viceroy of New Spain was quoted: "En cada fraile tenía el Rey en Filipinas un capitan general y un ejercito entero (In each friar in the Philippines the King had a captain general and a whole army"). [2]