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The Franck–Hertz experiment was the first electrical measurement to clearly show the quantum nature of atoms. It was presented on April 24, 1914, to the German Physical Society in a paper by James Franck and Gustav Hertz. [1] [2] Franck and Hertz had designed a vacuum tube for studying energetic electrons that flew through a thin vapor of ...
In quantum mechanics, a quantum eraser experiment is an interferometer experiment that demonstrates several fundamental aspects of quantum mechanics, including quantum entanglement and complementarity. [1] [2]: 328 The quantum eraser experiment is a variation of Thomas Young's classic double-slit experiment. It establishes that when action is ...
The same experiment has been performed for light, electrons, atoms, and molecules. [73] [74] The extremely small de Broglie wavelength of objects with larger mass makes experiments increasingly difficult, [75] but in general quantum mechanics considers all matter as possessing both particle and wave behaviors.
Spontaneous emission is the process in which a quantum mechanical system (such as a molecule, an atom or a subatomic particle) transits from an excited energy state to a lower energy state (e.g., its ground state) and emits a quantized amount of energy in the form of a photon.
The researchers observed a subharmonic oscillation of the drive. The experiment showed "rigidity" of the time crystal, where the oscillation frequency remained unchanged even when the time crystal was perturbed, and that it gained a frequency of its own and vibrated according to it (rather than only the frequency of the drive).
James Franck (German pronunciation: [ˈdʒɛɪ̯ms ˈfʁaŋk] ⓘ; 26 August 1882 – 21 May 1964) was a German physicist who won the 1925 Nobel Prize in Physics with Gustav Hertz "for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom". [1]
Soon after, James Franck and Gustav Ludwig Hertz proved experimentally that atoms have quantized energy states. [ 6 ] The observability of quantum jumps was predicted by Hans Dehmelt in 1975, and they were first observed using trapped ions of barium at University of Hamburg and mercury at NIST in 1986.
To account for the experimental result that repeated measurements of a quantum system give the same results, the theory postulates a "collapse" or "reduction of the state vector" upon observation, [4]: 566 abruptly converting an arbitrary state into a single component eigenstate of the observable: