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A steroid is an organic compound with four fused rings (designated A, B, C, and D) arranged in a specific molecular configuration. Steroids have two principal biological functions: as important components of cell membranes that alter membrane fluidity; and as signaling molecules.
List of neurosteroids – excitatory, inhibitory, mixed, neurotrophic, antineurotrophic, and other neurosteroids, as well as pheromones and pherines List of steroidogenesis inhibitors – steroidogenesis inhibitors , or inhibitors of steroid biosynthesis and metabolism
The steroid hormones are referred to by various abbreviations in the biological literature. The purpose of this list is to give commonly used abbreviations for steroid hormones, with supporting references to the literature.
Steroid numbering. Steroid reductases. 5α-Reductase (1, 2, 3) – androgen and neurosteroid synthesis, progestogen metabolism; 5β-Reductase – androgen and progestogen metabolism, neurosteroid synthesis; Conjugation (and deconjugation) Glucuronosyltransferase – steroid metabolism [6] Glucuronidase (β-glucuronidase) – steroid synthesis [7]
[2] [3] The most familiar type of animal sterol is cholesterol, which is vital to the structure of the cell membrane, and functions as a precursor to fat-soluble vitamins and steroid hormones. While technically alcohols, sterols are classified by biochemists as lipids (fats in the broader sense of the term).
The following is a list of hormones found in Humans. Spelling is not uniform for many hormones. Spelling is not uniform for many hormones. For example, current North American and international usage uses [ citation needed ] estrogen and gonadotropin, while British usage retains the Greek digraph in oestrogen and favours the earlier spelling ...
A variety of synthetic steroids and sterols have also been contrived. Most are steroids, but some nonsteroidal molecules can interact with the steroid receptors because of a similarity of shape. Some synthetic steroids are weaker or stronger than the natural steroids whose receptors they activate. [8] Some examples of synthetic steroid hormones:
The right side shows protein hormones (1) binding with receptors which (2) begins a transduction pathway. The transduction pathway ends (3) with transcription factors being activated in the nucleus, and protein synthesis beginning. In both diagrams, a is the hormone, b is the cell membrane, c is the cytoplasm, and d is the nucleus.