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In most occurrences, there is only one joint affected, either the knee, the hip, or the elbow. Rarely involves the TMJ. [1] The cause is unknown. In this condition, cartilaginous metaplasia takes place within the synovial membrane of the joint. Metaplastic synovium organizes into nodules. With minor trauma, nodules are shed as small bodies into ...
B. X-ray, MRI or bone scintigraphy demonstrate TMJ disorder; C. Evidence that pain can be attributed to the TMJ disorder, based on at least one of the following: pain is precipitated by jaw movements or chewing of hard or tough food; reduced range of or irregular jaw opening; noise from one or both TMJs during jaw movements
Temporomandibular disorder (TMD, also termed "temporomandibular joint pain-dysfunction syndrome") is pain and dysfunction of the TMJ and the muscles of mastication (the muscles that move the jaw). TMD does not fit neatly into any one etiologic category since the pathophysiology is poorly understood and it represents a range of distinct ...
Iliotibial band syndrome is one of the leading causes of lateral knee pain in runners. The iliotibial band is a thick band of fascia composing the tendon of the tensor fasciae latae muscle. It is located on the lateral aspect of the knee, extending from the outside of the pelvis, over the hip and knee, and inserting just below the knee. The ...
Hypermobility syndrome is an inherited disorder that affects the ligaments around joints. [9] The loosened or stretched ligaments in the joint provide less stability and allow for the joint to dislocate more easily. Dislocation can also occur because of conditions such as Rheumatoid arthritis. [10]
X-ray of the wrist of a woman with rheumatoid arthritis, showing unaffected carpal bones in the left image, and ankylosing fusion of the carpal bones 8 years later in the right image. Ankylosing spondylitis is a type of arthritis in which there is long-term inflammation of the joints of the spine .
The patient lies on their back with their knee flexed to between 45° and 60° and their foot externally rotated. The practitioner applies a valgus force while slowly extending the knee. A clunk will be felt around 30° of knee flexion if the subluxed or dislocated joint has reduced. This occurs as the iliotibial band changes from a knee flexor ...
Hyperextension of the knee may be mild, moderate or severe. The normal range of motion (ROM) of the knee joint is from 0 to 135 degrees in an adult. Full knee extension should be no more than 10 degrees. In genu recurvatum, normal extension is increased. The development of genu recurvatum may lead to knee pain and knee osteoarthritis.