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For people with insulin-requiring diabetes, hypoglycemia is one of the recurrent hazards of treatment. It limits the achievability of normal glucoses with current treatment methods. Hypoglycemia is a true medical emergency, which requires prompt recognition and treatment to prevent organ and brain damage.
Glucose is the main source of energy for the brain, and a number of mechanisms are in place to prevent hypoglycemia and protect energy supply to the brain. [ 3 ] [ 17 ] The body can adjust insulin production and release, adjust glucose production by the liver , and adjust glucose use by the body.
Diabetic cardiomyopathy, damage to the heart muscle, leading to impaired relaxation and filling of the heart with blood (diastolic dysfunction) and eventually heart failure; this condition can occur independent of damage done to the blood vessels over time from high levels of blood glucose. [33]
Additionally, individuals with a history of hypoglycemia-related driving mishaps appear to use sugar at a faster rate. [59] These findings indicate that although anyone with T1D may be at some risk of experiencing hypoglycemia while driving, there is a subgroup of T1D drivers who are more vulnerable to such events.
[100] [101] Hypoglycemia is associated with adverse outcomes in older people with type 2 diabetes. [102] Despite guidelines recommending that intensive blood sugar control be based on balancing immediate harms with long-term benefits, many people – for example people with a life expectancy of less than nine years who will not benefit, are ...
Management of hypoglycemia due to treatment of type 2 diabetes is similar, and the dose of the oral hypoglycemic agent may need to be reduced. Reversal and prevention of hypoglycemia is a major aspect of the management of type 1 diabetes. Hypoglycemia due to drug overdose or effect is supported with extra glucose until the drugs have been ...
Ketotic hypoglycemia refers to any circumstance in which low blood glucose is accompanied by ketosis, the presence of ketone bodies (such as beta-hydroxybutyrate) in the blood or urine. This state can be either physiologic or pathologic; physiologic ketotic hypoglycemia is a common cause of hypoglycemia in children, often in response to ...
If blood sugar levels remain too high the body suppresses appetite over the short term. Long-term hyperglycemia causes many health problems including heart disease, cancer, [25] eye, kidney, and nerve damage. [26] Blood sugar levels above 16.7 mmol/L (300 mg/dL) can cause fatal reactions.