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The "American" definition of health promotion, first promulgated by the American Journal of Health Promotion in the late 1980s, focuses more on the delivery of services with a bio-behavioral approach rather than environmental support using a settings approach. Later the power on the environment over behavior was incorporated.
Each year, the organization marks World Health Day and other observances focusing on a specific health promotion topic. World Health Day falls on 7 April each year, timed to match the anniversary of WHO's founding. Recent themes have been vector-borne diseases (2014), healthy ageing (2012) and drug resistance (2011). [149]
The flag of the World Health Organization. The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion is the name of an international agreement signed at the First International Conference on Health Promotion, organized by the World Health Organization (WHO) and held in Ottawa, Canada, in November 1986. [1]
World Health Organization, Copenhagen 2006; Groene O, Alonso J, Klazinga N. Development and validation of the WHO self-assessment tool for health promotion in hospitals: results of a study in 38 hospitals in eight countries. Health Promotion International 2010: 25 (2), 221-229; Dietscher C, Pelikan JM, Schmied H. (2014): Health Promoting Hospitals.
The 1978 World Health Organization (WHO) declaration at Alma-Ata was the first formal acknowledgment of the importance of intersectoral action for health. [5] The spirit of Alma-Ata was carried forward in the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion (adopted in Ottawa in 1986), which discussed "healthy public policies" as a key area for health promotion.
A key feature is ensuring that the social determinants of health are taken into consideration in urban design and urban governance. For example, "urbanization and health" was the theme of the 2010 World Health Day. [9] One tool in developing healthy cities is social entrepreneurship. [10]
The World Health Organization describes mental health as "a state of well-being in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community". [32] Mental health is not just the absence of mental illness. [33]
Common issues that are the subject of public health interventions include obesity, [3] drug, tobacco, and alcohol use, [4] and the spread of infectious disease, e.g. HIV. [5] A policy may meet the criteria of a public health intervention if it prevents disease on both the individual and community level and has a positive impact on public health ...