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  2. Pollinator decline - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollinator_decline

    Pollinator decline is the reduction in abundance of insect and other animal pollinators in many ecosystems worldwide that began being recorded at the end of the 20th century. Multiple lines of evidence exist for the reduction of wild pollinator populations at the regional level, especially within Europe and North America.

  3. Pesticide toxicity to bees - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesticide_toxicity_to_bees

    Banned in US for home and garden use. Should never be sprayed on flowering crops especially if bees are active and the crop requires pollination. Highly toxic Coumaphos [30] Checkmite Organophosphate: This is an insecticide that is used inside the beehive to combat varroa mites and small hive beetles, which are parasites of the honey bee ...

  4. Biological effects of radiation on the epigenome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_effects_of...

    The radiation obtained from medical imaging techniques is only harmful if consistently targeted multiple times in a short space of time. Safety measures have been introduced in order to limit the exposure of harmful ionizing radiation such as the usage of protective material during the use of these imaging tools.

  5. Colony collapse disorder - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colony_collapse_disorder

    In China, hand pollination of apple orchards is labor-intensive, time-consuming, and costly. [204] [205] In regions of the Old World where they are indigenous, honeybees (Apis mellifera) are among the most important pollinators, vital to sustain natural habitats there in addition to their value for human societies (to sustain food resources). [206]

  6. Food irradiation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_irradiation

    The international Radura logo, used to show a food has been treated with ionizing radiation. A portable, trailer-mounted food irradiation machine, c. 1968 Food irradiation (sometimes American English: radurization; British English: radurisation) is the process of exposing food and food packaging to ionizing radiation, such as from gamma rays, x-rays, or electron beams.

  7. Neonicotinoid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neonicotinoid

    Neonicotinoid use has been linked to adverse ecological effects, including risks to many non-target organisms, and specifically on bees and pollinators. [9] [11] [12] A 2018 review by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) concluded that most uses of neonicotinoid pesticides represent a risk to wild bees and honeybees.

  8. Pesticide poisoning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesticide_poisoning

    There are three types of pesticide poisoning. The first of the three is a single and short-term very high level of exposure which can be experienced by individuals who die by suicide, as well as pesticide formulators. The second type of poisoning is long-term high-level exposure, which can occur in pesticide formulators and manufacturers.

  9. Radiation damage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation_damage

    Exposure to radiation causes chemical changes in gases. The least susceptible to damage are noble gases, where the major concern is the nuclear transmutation with follow-up chemical reactions of the nuclear reaction products. High-intensity ionizing radiation in air can produce a visible ionized air glow of telltale