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The issue of succession following the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad is the central issue in the schisms that divided the early Muslim community in the first century of Islamic history into numerous schools and branches. The two most prominent branches that emerged from these divisions are Sunni and Shia branches of Islam.
Muhammad [a] (c. 570 – 8 June 632 CE) [b] was an Arab religious and political leader and the founder of Islam. [c] According to Islam, he was a prophet who was divinely inspired to preach and confirm the monotheistic teachings of Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and other prophets.
Khadija, Muhammad's first and only wife for the 25 years up to her death, died in 619 CE when she was about 65 years old. [1] Muhammad was almost 50 at this time, and the death happened not long after the end of the boycott against Muhammad's clan. [1] The boycott prohibited, among other things, trade with Muhammad's family. [3]
631: Death of Muhammad's son Ibrahim ibn Muhammad from Maria al-Qibtiyya. 631 or 632, tribe of Thaqif adopts Islam. 632: 6 March – Farewell pilgrimage at Mecca. 632: 8 June – Death of Muhammad. Death of Fatimah, his daughter. Abu Bakr is chosen as caliph after a fight at Banu Saqifa among those who left the funeral of prophet . Battles of ...
Muslim Arab expansion in the first centuries after Muhammad's death soon established dynasties in North Africa, West Africa, to the Middle East, and south to Somalia by the Companions of the Prophet, most notably the Rashidun Caliphate and military advents of Khalid Bin Walid, Amr ibn al-As, and Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas. The historic process of ...
Muhammad's father, Abdullah ibn Abd al-Muttalib, died before he was born. His mother would raise him until he was six years old, before her death around 577 CE at Abwa'. Subsequently raised by his grandfather, Abd al-Muttalib, and then his uncle, Abu Talib ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib, Muhammad's early career involved being a shepherd and merchant.
576: Birth of Uthman, the second cousin and twice son-in-law of Muhammad. 578: Death of Abdul Muttalib, the grandfather of Muhammad (approximate date). 579/582: Muhammad travels to Syria with his uncle Abu Talib. There, Bahira, a Christian monk, claims that Muhammad possesses the mark of an Abrahamic prophet. [1] (Approximate date).
Muhammad led the Conquest of Mecca in Ramadan of the Islamic year 8 AH (corresponding to Dec. 629/Jan. 630). The Quraysh in Mecca was Muhammad's final major rival in the Arabian Peninsula, and following the conquest, Muhammad focused his military operations on further expansion of his Islamic realm to the north, with a campaign against the Ghassanids and the Byzantine Empire.