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  2. Vegetable oils as alternative energy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetable_oils_as...

    Vegetable oil blends - Mixing vegetable oil with diesel lets users get some of the advantages of burning vegetable oil and is often done with no modification to the vehicle. [4] Biodiesel - Biodiesel can be produced from vegetable oil through the process of transesterification. Biodiesel burns like normal diesel and works fine in any diesel engine.

  3. Biomass (energy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomass_(energy)

    Sugar- and starch-producing crops are used to make bioethanol, and oil-producing crops are used to make biodiesel. The United States is the largest producer of bioethanol, while the European Union is the largest producer of biodiesel. [23] The global production of bioethanol and biodiesel provides 2.2 and 1.5 EJ of energy per year, respectively ...

  4. Biofuel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofuel

    The two most common types of biofuel are bioethanol and biodiesel. Brazil is the largest producer of bioethanol, while the EU is the largest producer of biodiesel. The energy content in the global production of bioethanol and biodiesel is 2.2 and 1.8 EJ per year, respectively. [17]

  5. Second-generation biofuels - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second-generation_biofuels

    In second-generation biofuels applications forest and agricultural residues, wood waste and energy crops can be used as feedstock to produce e.g. bio-oil for fuel oil applications. Bio-oil typically requires significant additional treatment to render it suitable as a refinery feedstock to replace crude oil.

  6. Biomass to liquid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomass_to_liquid

    While biodiesel and bio-ethanol production so far only use parts of a plant, i.e. oil, sugar, starch or cellulose, BtL production can gasify and utilize the entire plant. Flash pyrolysis [ edit ]

  7. Bioenergy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioenergy

    Bioethanol is made by fermentation, mostly from carbohydrates produced in sugar or starch crops such as corn, sugarcane, or sweet sorghum. Bioethanol is widely used in the United States and in Brazil. Biodiesel is produced from the oils in for instance rapeseed or sugar beets and is the most common biofuel in Europe. [citation needed]

  8. Hydrothermal liquefaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrothermal_liquefaction

    Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a thermal depolymerization process used to convert wet biomass, and other macromolecules, into crude-like oil under moderate temperature and high pressure. [1] The crude-like oil has high energy density with a lower heating value of 33.8-36.9 MJ/kg and 5-20 wt% oxygen and renewable chemicals.

  9. Cellulosic ethanol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellulosic_ethanol

    The French chemist, Henri Braconnot, was the first to discover that cellulose could be hydrolyzed into sugars by treatment with sulfuric acid in 1819. [9] The hydrolyzed sugar could then be processed to form ethanol through fermentation. The first commercialized ethanol production began in Germany in 1898, where acid was used to hydrolyze ...

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