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  2. Money creation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Money_creation

    Money creation occurs when the amount of loans issued by banks increases relative to the repayment and default of existing loans. Governmental authorities, including central banks and other bank regulators, can use various policies, mainly setting short-term interest rates, to influence the amount of bank deposits commercial banks create. [2]

  3. Original issue discount - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Original_issue_discount

    Original Issue Discount (OID) is a type of interest that is not payable as it accrues. OID is normally created when a debt , usually a bond , is issued at a discount . In effect, selling a bond at a discount converts stated principal into a return on investment, or interest.

  4. Sinking fund - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinking_fund

    Therefore, if interest rates fall and bond prices rise, a firm will benefit from the sinking fund provision that enables it to repurchase its bonds at below-market prices. In this case, the firm's gain is the bondholder's loss – thus callable bonds will typically be issued at a higher coupon rate, reflecting the value of the option.

  5. Bond (finance) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bond_(finance)

    In finance, a bond is a type of security under which the issuer owes the holder a debt, and is obliged – depending on the terms – to provide cash flow to the creditor (e.g. repay the principal (i.e. amount borrowed) of the bond at the maturity date and interest (called the coupon) over a specified amount of time. [1])

  6. Municipal bond - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipal_bond

    A municipal bond, commonly known as a muni, is a bond issued by state or local governments, or entities they create such as authorities and special districts. In the United States, interest income received by holders of municipal bonds is often, but not always, exempt from federal and state income taxation.

  7. Finance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finance

    These long-term strategic periods typically encompass five or more years. [16] Public finance is primarily concerned with: [17] Identification of required expenditures of a public sector entity; Source(s) of that entity's revenue; The budgeting process; Sovereign debt issuance, or municipal bonds for public works projects.

  8. Securitization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Securitization

    Securitization is the financial practice of pooling various types of contractual debt such as residential mortgages, commercial mortgages, auto loans, or credit card debt obligations (or other non-debt assets which generate receivables) and selling their related cash flows to third party investors as securities, which may be described as bonds, pass-through securities, or collateralized debt ...

  9. Primary market - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_market

    The primary market is the part of the capital market that deals with the issuance and sale of securities to purchasers directly by the issuer, with the issuer being paid the proceeds. [1] A primary market means the market for new issues of securities, as distinguished from the secondary market , where previously issued securities are bought and ...

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