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  2. C4 carbon fixation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C4_carbon_fixation

    Kranz anatomy (rings of cells) shown C 4 plants often possess a characteristic leaf anatomy called kranz anatomy , from the German word for wreath . Their vascular bundles are surrounded by two rings of cells; the inner ring, called bundle sheath cells , contains starch -rich chloroplasts lacking grana , which differ from those in mesophyll ...

  3. Fractionation of carbon isotopes in oxygenic photosynthesis

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractionation_of_carbon...

    This pathway allows C4 photosynthesis to efficiently shuttle CO 2 to the RuBisCO enzyme and maintain high concentrations of CO 2 within bundle sheath cells. These cells are part of the characteristic kranz leaf anatomy, which spatially separates photosynthetic cell-types in a concentric arrangement to accumulate CO 2 near RuBisCO. [21]

  4. Bienertia sinuspersici - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bienertia_sinuspersici

    Bienertia sinuspersici conducts C 4 photosynthesis, but lacks the two cell types, bundle sheath and mesophyll cells, that are typical of Kranz anatomy in most C 4 plants. Bienertia sinuspersici and three other former chenopods ( Suaeda aralocaspica , Bienertia cycloptera , and Bienertia kavirense ) instead conduct single-celled C 4 ...

  5. File:C4 Plant Anatomy.svg - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:C4_Plant_Anatomy.svg

    English: The C4 pathway contains a special structure in the leaves known as Kranz anatomy. There exists a layer of mesophyll cells that contain small chloroplasts encircling bundle sheath cells that have large chloroplasts necessary for the Calvin cycle.

  6. List of C4 plants - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_C4_plants

    Maize (Zea mays, Poaceae) is the most widely cultivated C 4 plant.[1]In botany, C 4 carbon fixation is one of three known methods of photosynthesis used by plants. C 4 plants increase their photosynthetic efficiency by reducing or suppressing photorespiration, which mainly occurs under low atmospheric CO 2 concentration, high light, high temperature, drought, and salinity.

  7. Kranz Anatomy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/?title=Kranz_Anatomy&redirect=no

    This page was last edited on 19 March 2021, at 04:08 (UTC).; Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License; additional terms may ...

  8. I Tasted 11 C4 Energy Drink Flavors: Here are the Best Ones ...

    www.aol.com/tasted-11-c4-energy-drink-150900774.html

    I tried 11 C4 flavors and ranked them based on taste and flavor. Here are my findings. C4 provided samples of the Performance Energy line for this review. Prices and availability are subject to ...

  9. Evolution of photosynthesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_of_photosynthesis

    One type of C 4 metabolism employs a so-called Kranz anatomy. This transports CO 2 through an outer mesophyll layer, via a range of organic molecules, to the central bundle sheath cells, where the CO 2 is released. In this way, CO 2 is concentrated near the site of RuBisCO operation.