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Rare non-infectious causes of chronic epididymitis include sarcoidosis (more prevalent in black men) and Behçet's disease. [4]: p.311 Any form of epididymitis can be caused by genito-urinary surgery, including prostatectomy and urinary catheterization. Congestive epididymitis is a long-term complication of vasectomy.
Grapiprant has also been tested in humans, [5] and was researched to be used as pain control for inflammation associated with osteoarthritis. Grapiprant is widely accepted in veterinary medicine due to its specific and targeted approach to pain management in dogs.
Animal rehabilitation can reduce pain and enhance recovery from injury, surgery, degenerative diseases, age-related diseases, and obesity. [1] The goal of physical therapy for animals is to improve quality of life and decrease pain.
Naproxen (Aleve)* has a long half-life in dogs and can cause gastrointestinal irritation, anemia, melena (digested blood in feces), and vomiting. [175] Antifreeze* is very dangerous to dogs and causes central nervous system depression and acute kidney injury. Treatment needs to be within eight hours of ingestion to be successful. [174]
Vasectomies are a common, effective procedure for the sterilization of males. History of trauma or epididymitis can also lead to sperm granuloma. In vasectomies, the vas deferens are cut and the two ends are tied to prevent sperm from passing. Sperm granuloma may then grow at the point where the vas deferens were cut. [2]
In most cases where orchitis is caused by epididymitis, treatment is an oral antibiotic such as cefalexin or ciprofloxacin until infection clears up. In both causes non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as naproxen or ibuprofen are recommended to relieve pain.
Given the treatment implications of testicular torsion, it is important to distinguish testicular torsion from other causes of testicular pain, such as epididymitis, which can present similarly. While both conditions can cause testicular pain, the pain of epididymitis is typically localized to the epididymis at the rear pole of the testicle.
Panosteitis occurs in large and giant breed dogs usually between the age of five and fourteen months and manifests as fever, pain, and shifting leg lameness. Hypertrophic osteodystrophy is also seen in young large and giant breed dogs and is characterized by pain, lameness, fever, and swelling of the long bone metaphysis.