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In process improvement efforts, quality costs tite or cost of quality (sometimes abbreviated CoQ or COQ [1]) is a means to quantify the total cost of quality-related efforts and deficiencies. It was first described by Armand V. Feigenbaum in a 1956 Harvard Business Review article.
Cost element Examples Direct poor-quality costs Controllable poor-quality cost Prevention cost Quality planning (for test, inspection, audits, process control) Education and training; Performing capability analyses; Conducting design reviews; Appraisal cost Test and inspection; Supplier acceptance sampling; Auditing processes; Resultant poor ...
Non-conformance may be a market complaint or customer complaint or failure of machinery or a quality management system, or misinterpretation of written instructions to carry out work. The corrective and preventive action is designed by a team that includes quality assurance personnel and personnel involved in the actual observation point of non ...
A fault tree diagram. Fault tree analysis (FTA) is a type of failure analysis in which an undesired state of a system is examined. This analysis method is mainly used in safety engineering and reliability engineering to understand how systems can fail, to identify the best ways to reduce risk and to determine (or get a feeling for) event rates of a safety accident or a particular system level ...
For example, an "Is/Is Not" worksheet is a common tool employed at D2, and Ishikawa, or "fishbone," diagrams and "5-why analysis" are common tools employed at step D4. In the late 1990s, Ford developed a revised version of the 8D process that they call "Global 8D" (G8D), which is the current global standard for Ford and many other companies in ...
The last 160 pages give an example of the process in action. Some of the methods covered: Functional Hazard Assessment (FHA) Preliminary System Safety Assessment (PSSA) System Safety Assessment (SSA) Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) Failure Modes and Effects Summary (FMES) Common Cause Analysis (CCA ...
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Zero Defects is a management tool aimed at the reduction of defects through prevention. It is directed at motivating people to prevent mistakes by developing a constant, conscious desire to do their job right the first time."