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Inequity is injustice or unfairness or an instance of either of the two. [1] Aversion is "a feeling of repugnance toward something with a desire to avoid or turn from it; a settled dislike; a tendency to extinguish a behavior or to avoid a thing or situation and especially a usually pleasurable one because it is or has been associated with a noxious stimulus". [2]
As social complexity increases, so can social inequality, as it tends to increase along with a widening gap between the poorest and the most wealthy members of society. [4] Social inequality can be classified into egalitarian societies, ranked society, and stratified society. [5]
Societal collapse (also known as civilizational collapse or systems collapse) is the fall of a complex human society characterized by the loss of cultural identity and of social complexity as an adaptive system, the downfall of government, and the rise of violence. [1]
Buildings in Rio de Janeiro, demonstrating economic inequality. Effects of income inequality, researchers have found, include higher rates of health and social problems, and lower rates of social goods, [1] a lower population-wide satisfaction and happiness [2] [3] and even a lower level of economic growth when human capital is neglected for high-end consumption. [4]
In some literature, the terminology inequality aversion was used in the places of inequity aversion. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The discourses in social studies argue that "inequality" pertains to the gap between the distribution of resources, while "inequity" pertains to the fundamental and institutional unfairness. [ 4 ]
The latter has been defined as "the ways in which conscious or unconscious classism is manifest in the various institutions of our society". [10] As with social classes, the difference in social status between people determines how they behave toward each other and the prejudices they likely hold toward each other.
Structural inequality can be encouraged and maintained in society through structured institutions such as state governments, and other cultural institutions like government run school systems with the goal of maintaining the existing governance/tax structure regardless of wealth, employment opportunities, and social standing of different ...
The social norm of reciprocity is the expectation that people will respond to each other in similar ways—responding to gifts and kindnesses from others with similar benevolence of their own, and responding to harmful, hurtful acts from others with either indifference or some form of retaliation.