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Writing systems are used to record human language, and may be classified according to certain common features. The usual name of the script is given first; the name of the languages in which the script is written follows (in brackets), particularly in the case where the language name differs from the script name. Other informative or qualifying ...
Cross-language information retrieval refers more specifically to the use case where users formulate their information need in one language and the system retrieves relevant documents in another. To do so, most CLIR systems use various translation techniques.
ISO 639 is a standardized nomenclature used to classify languages. [1] Each language is assigned a two-letter (set 1) and three-letter lowercase abbreviation (sets 2–5). [ 2 ] Part 1 of the standard, ISO 639-1 defines the two-letter codes, and Part 3 (2007), ISO 639-3 , defines the three-letter codes, aiming to cover all known natural ...
The word is a combination of multi-("many") and -lingual ("pertaining to languages"). [9] The phenomenon of multilingualism is as old as the very existence of different languages. [10] Today, evidence of multilingualism in an area includes things such as bilingual signs, which represent the same message in more than one language.
Manually coded English (MCE) is the result of language planning efforts in multiple countries, especially the United States in the 1970s. Four systems were developed in attempts to represent spoken English manually; Seeing Essential English (also referred to as Morphemic Signing System (MSS) or SEE-1), [3] Signing Exact English (SEE-2 or SEE), Linguistics of Visual English (LOVE), or Signed ...
Cued Speech is not traditionally referred to as a manually coded language; although it was developed with the same aims as the signed oral languages, to improve English language literacy in Deaf children, it follows the sounds rather than the written form of the oral language. Thus, speakers with different accents will "cue" differently.
The Chicago Manual of Style, Chicago: University of Chicago Press. A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations, Chicago Style for Students and Researchers, by Kate L. Turabian. Often referred to as "Turabian." MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, by Joseph Gibaldi. Often referred to as "MLA".
Xerox, an online language identifier, 47 languages supported; Language Guesser, a statistical language identifier, 74 languages recognized; NTextCat - free Language Identification API for .NET (C#): 280+ languages available out of the box. Recognizes language and encoding (UTF-8, Windows-1252, Big5, etc.) of text. Mono compatible.