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Malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37) (MDH) is an enzyme that reversibly catalyzes the oxidation of malate to oxaloacetate using the reduction of NAD + to NADH. This reaction is part of many metabolic pathways, including the citric acid cycle.
The reactions related to the urea cycle produce NADH, and NADH can be produced in two different ways. One of these uses oxaloacetate. In the cytosol there are fumarate molecules. Fumarate can be transformed into malate by the actions of the enzyme fumarase. Malate is acted on by malate dehydrogenase to become oxaloacetate, producing a molecule ...
The two malate dehydrogenases are differentiated by their location and structure, and catalyze their reactions in opposite directions in this process. First, in the cytosol, malate dehydrogenase catalyses the reaction of oxaloacetate and NADH to produce malate and NAD + .
Malate dehydrogenase catalyzes the reversible oxidation of malate to oxaloacetate, utilizing the NAD/NADH cofactor system in the citric acid cycle. The protein encoded by this gene is localized to the cytoplasm and may play pivotal roles in the malate-aspartate shuttle that operates in the metabolic coordination between cytosol and mitochondria.
Pyruvate can also be converted to L-malate, another intermediate, in a similar way. Aspartate: Oxaloacetate-This is a reversible reaction forming oxaloacetate from aspartate in a transamination reaction, via aspartate transaminase. Glutamate: α-Ketoglutarate: Glutamate + NAD + + H 2 O NH 4 + + α-Ketoglutarate + NADH.
In enzymology, a malate oxidase (EC 1.1.3.3) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction (S)-malate + O 2 ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } oxaloacetate + H 2 O 2 Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are (S)-malate and O 2 , whereas its two products are oxaloacetate and H 2 O 2 .
In enzymology, a malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating) (EC 1.1.1.38) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction below (S)-malate + NAD + pyruvate + CO 2 + NADH. Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are (S)-malate and NAD +, whereas its 3 products are pyruvate, CO 2, and NADH.
Malate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial also known as malate dehydrogenase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MDH2 gene. [ 5 ] Malate dehydrogenase catalyzes the reversible oxidation of malate to oxaloacetate , utilizing the NAD/NADH cofactor system in the citric acid cycle.