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  2. YIQ - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YIQ

    Note that the I and Q chroma coordinates are scaled up to 1.0. See the formulae below in the article to get the right bounds. An image along with its Y, I, and Q components. YIQ is the color space used by the analog NTSC color TV system. I stands for in-phase, while Q stands for quadrature, referring to the components used in quadrature ...

  3. Reaction quotient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reaction_quotient

    The reaction proceeds in the forward direction (towards larger values of Q r) when Δ r G < 0 or in the reverse direction (towards smaller values of Q r) when Δ r G > 0. Eventually, as the reaction mixture reaches chemical equilibrium, the activities of the components (and thus the reaction quotient) approach constant values.

  4. Chemical equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_equation

    A chemical equation is the symbolic representation of a chemical reaction in the form of symbols and chemical formulas.The reactant entities are given on the left-hand side and the product entities are on the right-hand side with a plus sign between the entities in both the reactants and the products, and an arrow that points towards the products to show the direction of the reaction. [1]

  5. Rearrangement reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rearrangement_reaction

    In organic chemistry, a rearrangement reaction is a broad class of organic reactions where the carbon skeleton of a molecule is rearranged to give a structural isomer of the original molecule. [1] Often a substituent moves from one atom to another atom in the same molecule, hence these reactions are usually intramolecular. In the example below ...

  6. 2,3-Dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2,3-Dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1...

    2,3-Dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (or DDQ) is the chemical reagent with formula C 6 Cl 2 (CN) 2 O 2. This oxidant is useful for the dehydrogenation of alcohols, [3] phenols, [4] and steroid ketones. [5] DDQ decomposes in water, but is stable in aqueous mineral acid. [6]

  7. QM/MM - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QM/MM

    An important advantage of QM/MM methods is their efficiency. The cost of doing classical molecular mechanics (MM) simulations in the most straightforward case scales as O(N 2), where N is the number of atoms in the system. This is mainly due to electrostatic interactions term (every particle interacts with everything else).

  8. Bond cleavage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bond_cleavage

    The triplet and singlet excitation energies of a sigma bond can be used to determine if a bond will follow the homolytic or heterolytic pathway. [2] A metal−metal sigma bond is an exception because the bond's excitation energy is extremely high, thus cannot be used for observation purposes. [2] In some cases, bond cleavage requires catalysts.

  9. RGB color model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RGB_color_model

    On a typical standard 2.2-gamma CRT display, an input intensity RGB value of (0.5, 0.5, 0.5) only outputs about 22% of full brightness (1.0, 1.0, 1.0), instead of 50%. [19] To obtain the correct response, a gamma correction is used in encoding the image data, and possibly further corrections as part of the color calibration process of the device.