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  2. Ubiquitin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubiquitin

    Ubiquitin is a small protein that exists in all eukaryotic cells. It performs its myriad functions through conjugation to a large range of target proteins. A variety of different modifications can occur. The ubiquitin protein itself consists of 76 amino acids and has a molecular mass of about 8.6 kDa.

  3. Prokaryote - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prokaryote

    The cellular components of prokaryotes are not enclosed in membranes within the cytoplasm, like eukaryotic organelles.Bacteria have microcompartments, quasi-organelles enclosed in protein shells such as encapsulin protein cages, [4] [5] while both bacteria and some archaea have gas vesicles.

  4. Protein - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein

    The words protein, polypeptide, and peptide are a little ambiguous and can overlap in meaning. Protein is generally used to refer to the complete biological molecule in a stable conformation, whereas peptide is generally reserved for a short amino acid oligomers often lacking a stable 3D structure. But the boundary between the two is not well ...

  5. Cell (biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(biology)

    The prokaryotic cytoskeleton is less well-studied but is involved in the maintenance of cell shape, polarity and cytokinesis. [10] The subunit protein of microfilaments is a small, monomeric protein called actin. The subunit of microtubules is a dimeric molecule called tubulin. Intermediate filaments are heteropolymers whose subunits vary among ...

  6. FtsZ - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FtsZ

    In 1992-3 three labs independently discovered that FtsZ was related to eukaryotic tubulin, which is the protein subunit that assembles into microtubules. [6] [7] [8] This was the first discovery that bacteria have homologs of eukaryotic cytoskeletal proteins. Later work showed that FtsZ was present in, and essential for, cell division in almost ...

  7. Protein structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_structure

    This is the topic of the scientific field of structural biology, which employs techniques such as X-ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy, cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and dual polarisation interferometry, to determine the structure of proteins. Protein structures range in size from tens to several thousand amino acids. [2]

  8. Prokaryotic cytoskeleton - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prokaryotic_cytoskeleton

    The prokaryotic cytoskeletal elements are matched with their eukaryotic homologue and hypothesized cellular function. [1] The prokaryotic cytoskeleton is the collective name for all structural filaments in prokaryotes. [2] Some of these proteins are analogues of those in eukaryotes, while others are unique to prokaryotes.

  9. Proteome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteome

    The genomes of viruses and prokaryotes encode a relatively well-defined proteome as each protein can be predicted with high confidence, based on its open reading frame (in viruses ranging from ~3 to ~1000, in bacteria ranging from about 500 proteins to about 10,000). [15]