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Kidney stone disease; Other names: Urolithiasis, kidney stone, renal calculus, nephrolith, kidney stone disease, [1] A kidney stone, 8 millimeters (0.3 in) in diameter: Specialty: Urology, nephrology: Symptoms: Severe pain in the lower back or abdomen, blood in the urine, vomiting, nausea [2] Causes: Genetic and environmental factors [2 ...
The human gallbladder is a hollow grey-blue organ that sits in a shallow depression below the right lobe of the liver. [2] In adults, the gallbladder measures approximately 7 to 10 centimetres (2.8 to 3.9 inches) in length and 4 centimetres (1.6 in) in diameter when fully distended. [3]
Extraction of choledocholithiasis and/or intrahepatic stones: choledocholithiasis is the presence of gallstones within the common bile duct. They can be either primary (formed within the duct) or secondary (entering the duct from the gallbladder). Biliary endoscopic sphincterotomy allows for opening of the sphincter of Oddi, allowing stones to ...
All general surgeons are trained in emergency surgery. Bleeding, infections, bowel obstructions and organ perforations are the main problems they deal with. Cholecystectomy, the surgical removal of the gallbladder, is one of the most common surgical procedures done worldwide. This is most often done electively, but the gallbladder can become ...
But it is not always appropriate, as it is a major surgery that contains the risk of complication both during and after the surgery and can have a longer recovery time. [76] It is important to note that the other kidney must be fully functional, and this technique is most often used when there is a large tumour present in only one kidney.
From below, the two additional lobes are located between the right and left lobes, one in front of the other. A line can be imagined running from the left of the vena cava and all the way forward to divide the liver and gallbladder into two halves. [17] This line is called Cantlie's line. [18]
Vertical pyloromyotomy scar (large) 30 hrs post-op in a one-month-old baby Horizontal pyloromyotomy scar 10 days post-op in a one-month-old baby Horizontal pyloromyotomy scar 35 years post-op in a three-month-old baby. Infantile pyloric stenosis is typically managed with surgery; [18] very few cases are mild enough to be treated medically.
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a sudden inflammation of the pancreas.Causes include a gallstone impacted in the common bile duct or the pancreatic duct, heavy alcohol use, systemic disease, trauma, elevated calcium levels, hypertriglyceridemia (with triglycerides usually being very elevated, over 1000 mg/dL), certain medications, hereditary causes and, in children, mumps.