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Ultisol, commonly known as red clay soil, is one of twelve soil orders in the United States Department of Agriculture soil taxonomy. The word "Ultisol" is derived from "ultimate", because Ultisols were seen as the ultimate product of continuous weathering of minerals in a humid, temperate climate without new soil formation via glaciation .
An Acrisol is a Reference Soil Group of the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB). [1] It has a clay-rich subsoil. It is associated with humid, tropical climates, such as those found in Brazil, and often supports forested areas. [2]
The Köppen climate classification is the most widely used climate classification system. [2] It defines a tropical climate as a region where the mean temperature of the coldest month is greater than or equal to 18 °C (64 °F) and does not fit into the criteria for B-group climates, classifying them as an A-group (tropical climate group). [3]
Soil layers, from soil down to bedrock: A represents soil; B represents laterite, a regolith; C represents saprolite, a less-weathered regolith; below C is bedrock Tropical weathering (laterization) is a prolonged process of chemical weathering which produces a wide variety in the thickness, grade, chemistry and ore mineralogy of the resulting ...
Torrox – oxisols of arid climates. Because the present climate can never produce enough weathering to produce oxisols, torrox soils are always paleosols formed during periods of much wetter climates. They occur mainly in Southern Africa. Ustox – oxisols of semiarid and subhumid climates; Udox – oxisols of humid climates
Mollisol is a soil type which has deep, high organic matter, nutrient-enriched surface soil , typically between 60 and 80 cm (24-31 in) in depth. This fertile surface horizon, called a mollic epipedon, is the defining diagnostic feature of Mollisols.
Tropical seasonal forests, also known as moist deciduous, monsoon or semi-evergreen (mixed) seasonal forests, have a monsoon or wet savannah climates (as in the Köppen climate classification): receiving high overall rainfall with a warm summer wet season and (often) a cooler winter dry season. Some trees in these forests drop some or all of ...
Udalfs – This suborder is located in humid or subhumid climates. All of this word is thought to have been forested at some point. Ustalfs – This suborder is located in semiarid climates with wet summers and dry winters. Xeralfs – This suborder is located in mediterranean climates with very dry summers and wet winters.