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The mammary glands in dogs and cats are associated with their nipples and extend from the underside of the chest to the groin on both sides of the midline. There are many differences between mammary tumors in animals and breast cancer in humans, including tumor type, malignancy , and treatment options.
Mast cell tumors are known among veterinary oncologists as 'the great pretenders' because their appearance can be varied, from a wart-like nodule to a soft subcutaneous lump (similar on palpation to a benign lipoma) to an ulcerated skin mass. Most mast cell tumors are small, raised lumps on the skin. They may be hairless, ulcerated, or itchy.
In about one fifth of the dogs with a mastocytoma, feeding instability, vomiting, tarry stools and anemia occur as a result of gastric or duodenal ulcers, [10] in autopsies such ulcers are even detected in more than 80% of patients. [18] About 80% of the dogs with such ulcers are euthanized due to poor general condition. [19]
A somewhat viscous, serosanguineous fluid (containing purulent and bloody material) The nature of the contents of a sebaceous cyst, and of its surrounding capsule, differs depending on whether the cyst has ever been infected. With surgery, a cyst can usually be excised in its entirety.
Drainage of the fluid (pericardiocentesis) relieves the clinical signs and, in the case of idiopathic pericarditis, can be curative. [49] Pulmonary hypertension* is high pressure in the pulmonary artery. In dogs it can be caused by heartworm disease, pulmonary thromboembolism, or chronic hypoxemia (low oxygen).
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A seroma contains serous fluid. [1] This is composed of blood plasma that has seeped out of ruptured small blood vessels and the inflammatory fluid produced by injured and dying cells. [citation needed] Seromas are different from hematomas, which contain red blood cells, and abscesses, which contain pus and result from an infection.
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