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The temple complex of Roman Heliopolis (now Baalbek). Phoenicia under Roman rule describes the Phoenician city states (in the area of modern Lebanon, coastal Syria, the northern part of Galilee, Acre and the Northern Coastal Plain) ruled by Rome from 64 BCE to the Muslim conquests of the 7th century.
The name Phoenicia is an ancient Greek exonym that did not correspond precisely to a cohesive culture or society as it would have been understood natively. [8] [9] Therefore, the division between Canaanites and Phoenicians around 1200 BC is regarded as a modern and artificial construct. [7] [10]
Colonies in Spain appeared to have utilized the potter's wheel, [53] while Carthage, now a nascent city state, utilized serial production to produce large numbers of ships quickly and cheaply. [ 54 ] Two bronze fragments from an Assyrian palace gate depicting the collection of tribute from the Phoenician cities of Tyre and Sidon (859–824 BC).
This is a list of cities and colonies of Phoenicia in modern-day Lebanon, coastal Syria, northern Israel, as well as cities founded or developed by the Phoenicians in the Eastern Mediterranean area, North Africa, Southern Europe, and the islands of the Mediterranean Sea.
In the year 814 BC, they founded the city of Carthage on the north African coast in what is now Tunisia. [3] After the fall of Phoenicia to the Babylonians and then the Persians , Carthage became the most powerful Phoenician city in the Mediterranean and the Carthaginians annexed many of the other Phoenician colonies around the coasts of the ...
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The Treaty of Lutatius was the agreement between Carthage and Rome of 241 BC (amended in 237 BC), that ended the First Punic War after 23 years of conflict. Most of the fighting during the war took place on, or in the waters around, the island of Sicily and in 241 BC a Carthaginian fleet was defeated by a Roman fleet commanded by Gaius Lutatius Catulus while attempting to lift the blockade of ...
Phoenician goods have been found from Spain and Morocco to Russia and Iraq; much of what is known about Phoenician art is based on excavations outside Phoenicia proper. Phoenician art was highly influenced by many cultures, primarily Egypt, Greece, and Assyria.