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Citizenry in ancient Athens is speculated to have not simply been a legal obligation to the state, but also a form of ethnic-nationality. The title of "Athenian" was given to free residents deeming them citizens and granted them special privileges and protections over other residents in the city who were considered "non-citizens". [33]
The name of Athens, connected to the name of its patron goddess Athena, originates from an earlier Pre-Greek language. [1] The origin myth explaining how Athens acquired this name through the legendary contest between Poseidon and Athena was described by Herodotus, [2] Apollodorus, [3] Ovid, Plutarch, [4] Pausanias and others.
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A wholly different term came to establish itself in the East. The ancient people of the Middle East referred to the Hellenes as Yunan, deriving from Persian Yauna [citation needed], itself a loan of Greek Ιωνία , the western coast of Asia Minor.
The second Megacles was a member of the Alcmaeonidae family, and the archon eponymous in 632 BC when Cylon made his unsuccessful attempt to take over Athens. Megacles was convicted of killing Cylon's supporters (who had taken refuge on the Acropolis as suppliants of Athena) and was exiled from the city, along with all the other members of his genos, the Alcmaeonidae.
Lycurgus of Athens, one of the ten notable orators at Athens, (4th century BC) Lycurgus (of Nemea), king; Lycurgus of Sparta, creator of constitution of Sparta; Lycurgus of Thrace, king, opponent of Dionysus; Lycurgus, a.k.a. Lycomedes, in Homer; Lycus – historian; Lydiadas – Megalopolitan general; Lygdamis of Naxos – tyrant of Naxos ...
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The officeholder enjoyed great prestige, and played a role in affairs of state which was otherwise closed to women in Ancient Athens; there are several recorded instances of a High Priestess influencing a historically-significant event or recommending a specific person for public office.