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Iran, [a] [b] officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) [c] and also known as Persia, [d] is a country in West Asia.It borders Turkey to the northwest and Iraq to the west, Azerbaijan, Armenia, the Caspian Sea, and Turkmenistan to the north, Afghanistan to the east, Pakistan to the southeast, the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south.
The first Shia theocracy in the 20th century was established in Iran following the Iranian Revolution that led to the fall of the Shah of Iran.The constitutional name of Iran was established as the Islamic Republic of Iran (Persian: جمهوری اسلامی ايران transliteration: Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān).
Since the Safavid era, Mamâlek-e Mahruse-ye Irân (Guarded Domains of Iran) was the common and official name of Iran. [21] [22] The idea of the Guarded Domains illustrated a feeling of territorial and political uniformity in a society where the Persian language, culture, monarchy, and Shia Islam became integral elements of the developing national identity. [23]
Islamic states which are not Islamic monarchies are usually referred to as Islamic republics, [16] such as the islamic republics of Iran, [17] Pakistan and Mauritania. Pakistan adopted the title under the constitution of 1956 ; Mauritania adopted it on 28 November 1958; and Iran adopted it after the 1979 Revolution that overthrew the Pahlavi ...
The Supreme Leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran, officially called the Supreme Leadership Authority in Iran, is a post established by Article 5 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran in accordance with the concept of the Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist. [20] This post is a life tenure post. [21]
Common English country name: Iran, archaic Persia; Official English country name: The Islamic Republic of Iran; Common endonym(s): Official endonym(s): Adjectival(s): Iranian; Demonym(s): Etymology: Name of Iran; International rankings of Iran. 18th largest country; 17th most populous country; ISO country codes: IR, IRN, 364; ISO region codes ...
Tehran (/ t ɛ ˈ r æ n,-ˈ r ɑː n, ˌ t eɪ-/; Persian: تهران [tehˈɾɒːn] ⓘ, Tehrân) is the capital [6] and largest city of Iran.In addition to serving as the capital of Tehran province, the city is the administrative center for Tehran County and its Central District. [7]
In 1979, Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was overthrown by an Islamic Revolution in Iran, replacing its millennia-old monarchy with a theocratic republic. Shortly after, the leader of the Revolution, a senior Islamic jurist named Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, also transliterated Khumaynî, successfully supported referendums to declare Iran an Islamic Republic in March 1979, and to approve a ...