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A CSTR often refers to a model used to estimate the key unit operation variables when using a continuous agitated-tank reactor to reach a specified output. The mathematical model works for all fluids: liquids, gases, and slurries. The behavior of a CSTR is often approximated or modeled by that of an ideal CSTR, which assumes perfect mixing. In ...
The key assumption is that as a plug flows through a PFR, the fluid is perfectly mixed in the radial direction but not in the axial direction (forwards or backwards). Each plug of differential volume is considered as a separate entity, effectively an infinitesimally small continuous stirred tank reactor , limiting to zero volume.
In this way, a higher efficiency may be obtained, or the size and cost of the PFR may be reduced. A PFR has a higher theoretical efficiency than a CSTR of the same volume. That is, given the same space-time (or residence time), a reaction will proceed to a higher percentage completion in a PFR than in a CSTR.
There are four main groups of chemical reactors - CSTR, PFR, semi-batch, and catalytic - with variations on each. Depending on the nature of the chemicals involved in the reaction, as well as the operating conditions (e.g. temperature and pressure), certain materials will perform better over others.
A combination of reactors is often termed a reactor structure. An example of the reactors that are considered for this theory are Continuous flow stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) and a Plug flow reactor model (PFR). Knowledge of the AR helps to address two areas in chemical reactor design:
It is important to understand that these advantages are more applicable to the decision between using a batch, a semibatch or a continuous reactor in a certain process. . Both batch and semibatch reactors are more suitable for liquid phase reactions and small scale production, because they usually require lower capital costs than a continuously stirred tank reactor operation (CSTR), but incur ...
The volume of a CSTR necessary to achieve a certain conversion at a given flow rate is equal to the area of the rectangle with height equal to and width equal to . The volume of a PFR necessary to achieve a certain conversion at a given flow rate is equal to the area under the curve of F A o − r A {\displaystyle F_{Ao} \over -r_{A}} plotted ...
A Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID) is a detailed diagram in the process industry which shows process equipment together with the instrumentation and control devices.
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