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In electronics, electric power and telecommunication, coupling is the transfer of electrical energy from one circuit to another, or between parts of a circuit. Coupling can be deliberate as part of the function of the circuit, or it may be undesirable, for instance due to coupling to stray fields .
In electrical engineering, a transformer is a passive component that transfers electrical energy from one electrical circuit to another circuit, or multiple circuits.A varying current in any coil of the transformer produces a varying magnetic flux in the transformer's core, which induces a varying electromotive force (EMF) across any other coils wound around the same core.
A planar transformer Exploded view: the spiral primary "winding" on one side of the PCB (the spiral secondary "winding" is on the other side of the PCB) Manufacturers either use flat copper sheets or etch spiral patterns on a printed circuit board to form the "windings" of a planar transformer, replacing the turns of wire used to make other ...
In figure 17 a circuit is shown which is meant for weak coupling and can be understood along these lines: A signal is coming in one line pair. One transformer reduces the voltage of the signal the other reduces the current. Therefore, the impedance is matched. The same argument holds for every other direction of a signal through the coupler.
Fig. 1 L P σ and L S σ are primary and secondary leakage inductances expressed in terms of inductive coupling coefficient under open-circuited conditions.. The magnetic circuit's flux that does not interlink both windings is the leakage flux corresponding to primary leakage inductance L P σ and secondary leakage inductance L S σ.
The power input to the transformer and output from the transformer is the same (except for conversion losses). The side with the lower voltage is at low impedance (because this has the lower number of turns), and the side with the higher voltage is at a higher impedance (as it has more turns in its coil).
Resonant inductive coupling or magnetic phase synchronous coupling [4] [5] is a phenomenon with inductive coupling in which the coupling becomes stronger when the "secondary" (load-bearing) side of the loosely coupled coil resonates. [5] A resonant transformer of this type is often used in analog circuitry as a bandpass filter.
Diagram of center-tapped transformer. In electronics, a center tap (CT) is a contact made to a point halfway along a winding of a transformer or inductor, or along the element of a resistor or a potentiometer. Taps are sometimes used on inductors for the coupling of signals, and may not necessarily be at the half-way point, but rather, closer ...