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It is approximately 24 hours, 39 minutes, 35 seconds long. A Martian year is approximately 668.6 sols, equivalent to approximately 687 Earth days [ 1 ] or 1.88 Earth years. The sol was adopted in 1976 during the Viking Lander missions and is a measure of time mainly used by NASA when, for example, scheduling the use of a Mars rover .
Water vapor, water vapour or aqueous vapor is the gaseous phase of water. It is one state of water within the hydrosphere. Water vapor can be produced from the evaporation or boiling of liquid water or from the sublimation of ice. Water vapor is transparent, like most constituents of the atmosphere. [1]
The abundance of water, particularly liquid water, on Earth's surface is a unique feature that distinguishes it from other planets in the Solar System. Solar System planets with considerable atmospheres do partly host atmospheric water vapor, but they lack surface conditions for stable surface water. [209]
Ceres has a very thin water vapor atmosphere, but practically speaking it is indistinguishable from a vacuum. [151] Vesta (2.13–3.41 AU) is the second-largest object in the asteroid belt. [152] Its fragments survive as the Vesta asteroid family [153] and numerous HED meteorites found on Earth. [154]
A simplified phase diagram for water, showing whether solid ice, liquid water, or gaseous water vapor is the most stable at different combinations of temperature and pressure In physics , a state of matter is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist.
Water vapor has been detected by Chandrayaan-1 and found to vary with latitude, with a maximum at ~60–70 degrees; it is possibly generated from the sublimation of water ice in the regolith. [99] These gases either return into the regolith because of the Moon's gravity or are lost to space, either through solar radiation pressure or, if they ...
However, water is only useful for life in a liquid state, and extraterrestrial water is commonly found as water vapor or ice. Liquid water also has several properties that are beneficial for lifeforms. For example, unlike most other liquids, it becomes less dense when it solidifies rather than denser.
where P 1, P 2 are the vapor pressures at temperatures T 1, T 2 respectively, ΔH vap is the enthalpy of vaporization, and R is the universal gas constant. The rate of evaporation in an open system is related to the vapor pressure found in a closed system. If a liquid is heated, when the vapor pressure reaches the ambient pressure the liquid ...