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FRAX integrates clinical risk factors and bone mineral density at the femoral neck to calculate the 10-year probability of hip fracture and the 10-year probability of a major osteoporotic fracture (clinical spine, forearm, hip or shoulder fracture). [2]
Hip fractures are very dangerous episodes, especially for elderly and frail patients. The risk of dying from the stress of the surgery and the injury in the first thirty days is about 7%. [53] At one year after fracture, this may reach 30%. [54] If the condition is untreated the pain and immobility imposed on the patient increase that risk.
For example, Swedish men and women have a 13% and 28.5% risk of hip fracture by age 50, respectively, whereas this risk is only 1.9% and 2.4% in Chinese men and women. [201] Diet may also be a factor that is responsible for this difference, as vitamin D, calcium, magnesium, and folate are all linked to bone mineral density.
The National Hip Fracture Database (NHFD) is a nationwide audit within the NHS concerning the management and outcomes of patients with hip fractures.. It was initially set up by the British Orthopaedic Association and the British Geriatrics Society, however it is now commissioned by the Healthcare Quality Improvement Partnership (HQIP), a consortium of the Academy of Medical Royal Colleges and ...
Pelvic fractures make up around 3% of adult fractures. [1] Stable fractures generally have a good outcome. [1] The risk of death with an unstable fracture is about 15%, while those who also have low blood pressure have a risk of death approaching 50%. [2] [4] Unstable fractures are often associated with injuries to other parts of the body. [3]
A femoral fracture is a bone fracture that involves the femur. They are typically sustained in high-impact trauma, such as car crashes , due to the large amount of force needed to break the bone. Fractures of the diaphysis , or middle of the femur, are managed differently from those at the head, neck, and trochanter ; those are conventionally ...
The Müller AO Classification of fractures is a system for classifying bone fractures initially published in 1987 [1] by the AO Foundation as a method of categorizing injuries according to therognosis of the patient's anatomical and functional outcome. "AO" is an initialism for the German "Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen", the ...
The Harris Hip Score (HHS) is a common evaluation instrument of the results of various hip disabilities and methods of treatment, especially for the assessment of hip replacement. [1] It was developed by William H. Harris in 1969 with 30 patients who had suffered a fracture of the acetabulum or a luxation of the hip. [ 2 ]