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Evolution is the change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. [1] [2] It occurs when evolutionary processes such as natural selection and genetic drift act on genetic variation, resulting in certain characteristics becoming more or less common within a population over successive generations. [3]
The linear view of human evolution began to be abandoned in the 1970s as different species of humans were discovered that made the linear concept increasingly unlikely. In the 21st century with the advent of molecular biology techniques and computerization, whole-genome sequencing of Neanderthal and human genome were performed, confirming ...
The timeline of human evolution outlines the major events in the evolutionary lineage of the modern human species, Homo sapiens, throughout the history of life, beginning some 4 billion years ago down to recent evolution within H. sapiens during and since the Last Glacial Period.
[123] Others have developed ideas that human societies and culture evolve by mechanisms analogous to those that apply to evolution of species. [ 124 ] More recently, work among anthropologists and psychologists has led to the development of sociobiology and later of evolutionary psychology, a field that attempts to explain features of human ...
Leigh found three different patterns, all of which pointed to the growth rate of H. erectus either matching or exceeding H. erectus. [6] He makes the case that this finding had wide application and relevance to the overall study of human evolution. It is pertinent specifically to the connections between energy expenditure and brain development.
paleoanthropology and paleontology of both human and non-human primates; primatology and primate ethology; the sociocultural evolution of human behavior, including phylogenetic approaches to historical linguistics; the cultural anthropology and sociology of humans; the archaeological study of human technology and of its changes over time and space
Some examples of evolution in species over many generations are the peppered moth and flightless birds. In the 1930s, the discipline of evolutionary biology emerged through what Julian Huxley called the modern synthesis of understanding, from previously unrelated fields of biological research, such as genetics and ecology, systematics, and ...
Human evolution (origins of society and culture) – Transition of human species to anthropologically modern behavior Inversion (evolutionary biology) – Hypothesis in developmental biology Mosaic evolution – Evolution of characters at various rates both within and between species