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1946 – George Gamow calculates a temperature of 50 K (assuming a 3-billion year old universe), [117] commenting it "... is in reasonable agreement with the actual temperature of interstellar space", but does not mention background radiation. [118]
The Star-Spectroscope of the Lick Observatory in 1898. Designed by James Keeler and constructed by John Brashear.. Astronomical spectroscopy is the study of astronomy using the techniques of spectroscopy to measure the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation, including visible light, ultraviolet, X-ray, infrared and radio waves that radiate from stars and other celestial objects.
The interstellar medium (ISM) is the matter and radiation that exists in the space between the star systems in a galaxy. This matter includes gas in ionic, atomic, and molecular form, as well as dust and cosmic rays. It fills interstellar space and blends smoothly into the surrounding intergalactic space.
The interstellar medium is a melting pot of gas and dust emitted from stars. The composition of the interstellar medium is the result of nucleosynthesis in stars since the Big Bang and is represented by the abundance of the chemical elements.
Thermal studies in the lab with microphone detectors [5] suggested that the high count-rates recorded were due to noise generated by temperature variations in Earth orbit. An excellent review of the early days of space dust research was given by Fechtig, H., Leinert, Ch., and Berg, O. [6] in the book Interplanetary Dust. [7]
The brightness temperature of a maser is the temperature a black body would have if producing the same emission brightness at the wavelength of the maser. That is, if an object had a temperature of about 10 9 K it would produce as much 1665-MHz radiation as a strong interstellar OH maser.
Space technology is technology for use in outer space. Space technology includes space vehicles such as spacecraft , satellites , space stations and orbital launch vehicles ; deep-space communication ; in-space propulsion ; and a wide variety of other technologies including support infrastructure equipment, and procedures .
The magnitude of the energy of cosmic ray flux in interstellar space is very comparable to that of other deep space energies: cosmic ray energy density averages about one electron-volt per cubic centimetre of interstellar space, or ≈1 eV/cm 3, which is comparable to the energy density of visible starlight at 0.3 eV/cm 3, the galactic magnetic ...