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Surface weather observations can include the following elements: The Station Identifier, or Location identifier, consists of four characters for METAR observations, [13] with the first representing the region of the world the station lies within. For example, the first letter for areas in and around the Pacific Ocean is P, and for Europe is E.
The following is an example METAR from Burgas Airport in Burgas, Bulgaria. It was taken on 4 February 2005 at 16:00 Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). METAR LBBG 041600Z 12012MPS 090V150 1400 R04/P1500N R22/P1500U +SN BKN022 OVC050 M04/M07 Q1020 NOSIG 8849//91= METAR indicates that the following is a standard hourly observation.
A surface weather analysis for the United States on October 21, 2006. By that time, Tropical Storm Paul was active (Paul later became a hurricane). Surface weather analysis is a special type of weather map that provides a view of weather elements over a geographical area at a specified time based on information from ground-based weather stations.
The Citizen Weather Observer Program is a program to collect surface weather observations from thousands of privately operated weather stations, into the FindU database, and forward it to the Meteorological Assimilation Data Ingest System (MADIS Archived 2009-03-12 at the Wayback Machine), operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
A TTF is a professionally considered forecast for weather over a two-hour period, [1] and is based on an actual weather report, such as a METAR or SPECI and appended to the end of it. [1] A TTF is similar to or sometimes in addition to a TAF, a terminal aerodrome forecast, but during the TTF's validity period is considered superior to a TAF.
Along with wind direction, cloud cover is one of the oldest atmospheric conditions to be coded on a station model. [7] [8] The circle in the middle of the station model represents cloud cover. In the United Kingdom, when the observation is taken from an automated weather observation site, the shape is a triangle. [10]
An example of 500 mbar geopotential height prediction from a numerical weather prediction model. In the past, human forecasters were responsible for generating the weather forecast based upon available observations. [72] Today, human input is generally confined to choosing a model based on various parameters, such as model biases and ...
SYNOP (surface synoptic observations) is a numerical code (called FM-12 by WMO) used for reporting weather observations made by staffed and automated weather stations. SYNOP reports are typically sent every six hours by Deutscher Wetterdienst on shortwave and low frequency using RTTY .